Exam question 2 · Fairy Tales, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla,…

By what means did Prince Narcissus gain entry to the enclosure where the Princess was kept?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Prince · What happens: mean, gain, keep · To what, where: entry, Princess · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1879 «Fairy Tales, Prince Narcissus and the Princess Potentilla, part 1: Narcissus finds the hidden princess and falls in love» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	3 means	mark
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 Prince	aux
5	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 gain	nsubj
6	Narcissus	Narcissus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Prince	flat
7	gain	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
8	entry	entry	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gain	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 enclosure	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 enclosure	det
11	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 entry	nmod
12	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 kept	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Princess	det
14	Princess	Princess	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 kept	nsubj:pass
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 kept	aux:pass
16	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 enclosure	acl:relcl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	gain	present	Prince	entry	to the enclosure result	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient entry=Extent to enclosure=Result
3	keep	past · passive		the Princess		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By using a silver ring to make himself invisible to the guards and the Princess's nurse

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 using	mark
2	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 ring	det
4	silver	silver	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ring	amod
5	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 using	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 make	mark
7	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 using	advcl
8	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 make	obj
9	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 make	xcomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 guards	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 guards	det
12	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 invisible	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 nurse	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Princess	det
15	Princess	Princess	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 nurse	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 Princess	case
17	nurse	nurse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 using	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		a silver ring					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive		himself = he				invisible property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset himself=Product

Option 2

By sneaking in with a borrowed cloak from the guards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 sneaking	mark
2	sneaking	sneak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	in	in	ADV	_	2 sneaking	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 cloak	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cloak	det
6	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 cloak	amod
7	cloak	cloak	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sneaking	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 guards	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 guards	det
10	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sneaking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sneak in	gerund				the guards		with a borrowed cloak	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from guard=Trajectory
2	borrow	participle							vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

By making himself invisible with the magic ring given him by Melinette

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 making	mark
2	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 making	obj
4	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 making	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 ring	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ring	det
7	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 ring	amod
8	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invisible	obl
9	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 ring	acl
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 given	obj
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 Melinette	case
12	Melinette	Melinette	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 given	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		himself = he				invisible property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset himself=Product
2	give	participle	the magic ring not said here	him = he				by Melinette	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 4

By disguising himself as a servant and passing the guards with a letter from the Queen

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 disguising	mark
2	disguising	disguise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 disguising	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 servant	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 servant	det
6	servant	servant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disguising	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 passing	cc
8	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 disguising	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 guards	det
10	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 passing	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 letter	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 letter	det
13	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 passing	obl
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 Queen	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Queen	det
16	Queen	Queen	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 letter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disguise	gerund		himself = he				as a servant	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme himself=Destination
2	pass	gerund		the guards				with a letter from the Queen	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme guard=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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