Exam question 4 · Alice in Wonderland, chapter X, part 1: The Lobster Quadri…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the snail in the Mock Turtle's song?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: established facts, Mock Turtle · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, sing · To what, where: snail, song

This is exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter X, part 1: The Lobster Quadrille (a dance, a whiting and a porpoise)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 snail	det
14	snail	snail	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	20 song	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Turtle	det
17	Mock	Mock	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Turtle	compound
18	Turtle	Turtle	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 song	nmod:poss
19	's	's	PART	_	18 Turtle	case
20	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 snail	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the snail	the Mock Turtle's song		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus snail=Experiencer
5	sing		the Mock Turtle				nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He declined to join the dance, judging the distance too great

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 declined	nsubj
2	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 join	mark
4	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 declined	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dance	det
6	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 join	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 judging	punct
8	judging	judge	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 declined	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distance	det
10	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 judging	obj
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 great	advmod
12	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 judging	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	decline	past	He			vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not join	to-infinitive	He not said here	the dance		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Patient
3	judge	gerund	He not said here	the distance	great property	vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value

Option 2

He wished to dance, but the distance was too small

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wished	nsubj
2	wished	wish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 dance	mark
4	dance	dance	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wished	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 small	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 small	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 distance	det
8	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 small	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 small	cop
10	too	too	ADV	_	11 small	advmod
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 wished	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	wish	past	He		vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	dance not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	past	the distance	small property	tree rules

Option 3

He accepted the invitation to join the dance but stopped halfway, as the distance seemed too great for a snail

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 accepted	nsubj
2	accepted	accept	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 invitation	det
4	invitation	invitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accepted	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 join	mark
6	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 accepted	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dance	det
8	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 join	obj
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 stopped	cc
10	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 accepted	conj
11	halfway	halfway	ADV	_	10 stopped	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 seemed	punct
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	16 seemed	mark
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 distance	det
15	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 seemed	nsubj
16	seemed	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 accepted	parataxis
17	too	too	ADV	_	18 great	advmod
18	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 seemed	xcomp
19	for	for	ADP	_	21 snail	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 snail	det
21	snail	snail	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 seemed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	accept	past	He	the invitation		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent invitation=Theme clause=Attribute
2	join	to-infinitive	He not said here	the dance		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Patient
3	stop	past	He not said here		halfway property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	seem	past	the distance		for a snail; great property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme

Option 4

He declined to join the dance, judging the distance too great, and told the whiting so in a loud voice from the sand

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 declined	nsubj
2	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 join	mark
4	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 declined	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dance	det
6	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 join	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 judging	punct
8	judging	judge	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 declined	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distance	det
10	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 judging	obj
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 great	advmod
12	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 distance	amod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 told	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 told	cc
15	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 declined	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 whiting	det
17	whiting	whiting	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 told	iobj
18	so	so	ADV	_	15 told	advmod
19	in	in	ADP	_	22 voice	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 voice	det
21	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 voice	amod
22	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 told	obl
23	from	from	ADP	_	25 sand	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 sand	det
25	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 voice	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	decline	past	He				vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not join	to-infinitive	He not said here	the dance			vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Patient
3	judge	gerund	He not said here	the distance			vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value
4	tell speech: assert	past	He not said here		the whiting	a loud voice from the sand	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent whiting=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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