Exam question 1 · Celtic Fairy Tales, Donald O'Neary: the cheats drown the w…

In the light of the foregoing passage, which of the following statements concerning the events at the Brown Lake is correct?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: following statements · What happens: follow, concern, be, light · To what, where: events, Brown Lake, light, foregoing passage

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1992 «Celtic Fairy Tales, Donald O'Neary: the cheats drown the wrong man and chase clouds in the lake» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 light	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 light	det
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 correct	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 passage	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 passage	det
6	foregoing	foregoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 passage	compound
7	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 light	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 statements	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 statements	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 statements	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 statements	det
12	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 statements	amod
13	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 passage	conj
14	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 statements	acl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 events	det
16	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 concerning	obj
17	at	at	ADP	_	20 Lake	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Lake	det
19	Brown	Brown	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Lake	compound
20	Lake	Lake	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 events	nmod
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 correct	cop
22	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	22 correct	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	concern	gerund	the following statements not said here	the events	the Brown Lake		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus event=Experiencer
3	is	present			the light of the foregoing passage and the following statements	correct property	tree rules
4	light			the foregoing passage and the following statements			nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Dudden leapt into the lake in order to secure the cattle before Hudden

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dudden	Dudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	nsubj
2	leapt	leapt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 lake	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lake	det
5	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 order	case
7	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 secure	mark
9	secure	secure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 leapt	advcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 cattle	det
11	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 secure	obj
12	before	before	ADP	_	13 Hudden	case
13	Hudden	Hudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 secure	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leapt	past	Dudden			the lake		in order	tree rules
2	secure	to-infinitive	Dudden not said here	the cattle			before Hudden		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cattle=Theme

Option 2

Hudden jumped in to grab the cattle first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hudden	Hudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 jumped	nsubj
2	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADV	_	2 jumped	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 grab	mark
5	grab	grab	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 jumped	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cattle	det
7	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 grab	obj
8	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 grab	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump in	past	Hudden						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	grab	to-infinitive	Hudden not said here	the cattle				first property	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme

Option 3

Hudden leapt into the lake to secure the cattle and Dudden followed him in with the sack

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hudden	Hudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	nsubj
2	leapt	leapt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 lake	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lake	det
5	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 secure	mark
7	secure	secure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 leapt	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cattle	det
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 secure	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 followed	cc
11	Dudden	Dudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 followed	nsubj
12	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 leapt	conj
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 followed	obj
14	in	in	ADV	_	12 followed	advmod
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 sack	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sack	det
17	sack	sack	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 followed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	leapt	past	Hudden		the lake		tree rules
2	secure	to-infinitive	Hudden not said here	the cattle			vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cattle=Theme
3	follow	past	Dudden	cattle		with the sack	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 4

Dudden leapt into the lake to secure the cattle before Hudden, who had already been tricked by Donald's white clouds on the surface

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dudden	Dudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	nsubj
2	leapt	leapt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 lake	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lake	det
5	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leapt	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 secure	mark
7	secure	secure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 leapt	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cattle	det
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 secure	obj
10	before	before	ADP	_	11 Hudden	case
11	Hudden	Hudden	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 cattle	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 tricked	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 tricked	nsubj:pass
14	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 tricked	aux
15	already	already	ADV	_	17 tricked	advmod
16	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 tricked	aux:pass
17	tricked	trick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 cattle	acl
18	by	by	ADP	_	22 clouds	case
19	Donald	Donald	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 clouds	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 Donald	case
21	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 clouds	amod
22	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 tricked	obl
23	on	on	ADP	_	25 surface	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 surface	det
25	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 clouds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	leapt	past	Dudden		the lake		tree rules
2	secure	to-infinitive	Dudden not said here	the cattle		before Hudden	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cattle=Theme
3	trick	past · perfect · passive	Donald's white clouds on the surface	the cattle			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
4	cloud		Donald		the surface		nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent on=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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