Test 11 · ★ · The Happy Prince and Other Tales, The Happy Prince, part 1…

Did the Swallow reckon the Prince was a nice bloke?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Swallow, Prince · What happens: reckon, be · To what, where: nice bloke

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 2031 «The Happy Prince and Other Tales, The Happy Prince, part 1: the Swallow meets the weeping statue and agrees to help» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reckon	aux
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Swallow	det
3	Swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reckon	nsubj
4	reckon	reckon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Prince	det
6	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 bloke	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 bloke	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bloke	det
9	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bloke	amod
10	bloke	bloke	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reckon	ccomp
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 reckon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	past · do-support	the Swallow						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	the Prince	a nice bloke					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Yeah, but he was too polite to say it out loud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	7 polite	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 polite	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 polite	cc
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 polite	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 polite	cop
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 polite	advmod
7	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 say	mark
9	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 polite	csubj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 say	obj
11	out	out	ADP	_	9 say	compound:prt
12	loud	loud	ADV	_	9 say	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	he					polite property	tree rules
2	say out speech: assert	to-infinitive		it				loud property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Yeah, he thought the Prince was lovely but he was much too polite to actually say it out loud

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	4 thought	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yeah	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 thought	nsubj
4	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Prince	det
6	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 lovely	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 lovely	cop
8	lovely	lovely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 thought	ccomp
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 polite	cc
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 polite	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 polite	cop
12	much	much	ADV	_	14 polite	advmod
13	too	too	ADV	_	14 polite	advmod
14	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lovely	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	17 say	mark
16	actually	actually	ADV	_	17 say	advmod
17	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 polite	csubj
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 say	obj
19	out	out	ADP	_	17 say	compound:prt
20	loud	loud	ADV	_	17 say	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	he			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the Prince		lovely property	tree rules
3	is	past	he		polite property	tree rules
4	say out speech: assert	to-infinitive		it	actually, loud property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 3

Yeah, but he was far too polite to say it out loud to anyone at all

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	8 polite	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 polite	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 polite	cc
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 polite	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 polite	cop
6	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 too	advmod
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 polite	advmod
8	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 say	mark
10	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 polite	csubj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 say	obj
12	out	out	ADP	_	10 say	compound:prt
13	loud	loud	ADV	_	10 say	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 anyone	case
15	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	10 say	obl
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 all	case
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 anyone	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	he					polite property	tree rules
2	say out speech: assert	to-infinitive		it	anyone			loud property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to anyone=Recipient

Option 4

Nah, he reckoned he was a bit of a snob

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	4 reckoned	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 reckoned	nsubj
4	reckoned	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bit	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 bit	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bit	det
8	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reckoned	ccomp
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 snob	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 snob	det
11	snob	snob	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	past	he						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	he	a bit				of a snob	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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