Exam question 3 · Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, part 29: Pluto carries…

Which of the following correctly states the condition under which the three-headed dog Cerberus is disposed to inflict injury upon persons?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, state, dispose, inflict · To what, where: condition, headed dog, injury

This is exam question 3 of lesson 2070 «Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, part 29: Pluto carries Proserpina to his gloomy palace» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 states	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 states	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 states	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 states	nsubj
5	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	6 states	advmod
6	states	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 condition	det
8	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 states	obj
9	under	under	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 disposed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 dog	det
12	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 headed	nummod
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 three	punct
14	headed	headed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 dog	amod
15	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 disposed	nsubj:pass
16	Cerberus	Cerberus	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 dog	appos
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 disposed	aux:pass
18	disposed	dispose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 condition	acl:relcl
19	to	to	PART	_	20 inflict	mark
20	inflict	inflict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 disposed	xcomp
21	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 inflict	obj
22	upon	upon	ADP	_	23 persons	case
23	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 inflict	obl
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 states	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	state speech: other	present	the condition		correctly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent condition=Topic
3	dispose	present · passive	the headed dog	the condition		tree rules
4	inflict	to-infinitive	injury		upon persons	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

When they approach without permission or speak to the king's guests at the feast

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 approach	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 approach	nsubj
3	approach	approach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 permission	case
5	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 approach	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 speak	cc
7	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 approach	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	12 guests	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 king	det
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 guests	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 king	case
12	guests	guest	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 speak	obl
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 feast	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 feast	det
15	feast	feast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 approach	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach	present	they			the feast		without permission	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	speak speech: other	infinitive	they not said here					to the king's guests	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to guest=Co-Agent

Option 2

When they enter without invitation or try to escape the realm of the dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 enter	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 enter	nsubj
3	enter	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 try	advcl
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 invitation	case
5	invitation	invitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enter	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 try	cc
7	try	try	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 escape	mark
9	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 try	xcomp
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 realm	det
11	realm	realm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 escape	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 dead	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 dead	det
14	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 realm	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	enter	present	they		without invitation	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	try	imperative	you not said here			vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	escape not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	the realm of the dead		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme realm=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

When they enter without authorisation or attempt to depart against the king's wishes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 enter	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 enter	nsubj
3	enter	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 authorisation	case
5	authorisation	authorisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enter	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 attempt	cc
7	attempt	attempt	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 authorisation	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 depart	mark
9	depart	depart	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 attempt	acl
10	against	against	ADP	_	14 wishes	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 king	det
12	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wishes	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 king	case
14	wishes	wish	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 depart	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	enter	present	they	without authorisation or attempt	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	depart	to-infinitive	they not said here	against the king's wishes	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	wish		the king		nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Whenever anyone at all approaches the gate, whether invited or not, or tries to leave against the king's wishes after eating

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whenever	whenever	SCONJ	_	5 approaches	mark
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 approaches	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 all	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 anyone	nmod
5	approaches	approach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 tries	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gate	det
7	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 approaches	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 invited	punct
9	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	10 invited	mark
10	invited	invite	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 approaches	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 not	cc
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 invited	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 tries	punct
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 tries	cc
15	tries	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	to	to	PART	_	17 leave	mark
17	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 tries	xcomp
18	against	against	ADP	_	22 wishes	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 king	det
20	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 wishes	nmod:poss
21	's	's	PART	_	20 king	case
22	wishes	wish	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 leave	obl
23	after	after	SCONJ	_	24 eating	mark
24	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 leave	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	approach	present	anyone	the gate		vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Theme
2	invite	participle	anyone not said here			vn promote-102 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
3	try	present				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
4	leave not said to happen	to-infinitive			the king's wishes	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent against wish=Location
5	eat	gerund				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	wish		the king			nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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