Exam question 1 · Arabian Nights, Ali Cogia and the Olives, part 61: a child…

Which of the following best describes the judgement pronounced by the young Cadi regarding the olives?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, describe, pronounce, regard · To what, where: judgement

This is exam question 1 of lesson 221 «Arabian Nights, Ali Cogia and the Olives, part 61: a child judges a thief, then a magic horse appears» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 judgement	det
8	judgement	judgement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 judgement	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	13 Cadi	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Cadi	det
12	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 Cadi	amod
13	Cadi	Cadi	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 pronounced	obl
14	regarding	regard	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 olives	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 olives	det
16	olives	olive	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 Cadi	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the judgement	of the best	tree rules
3	pronounce	participle	the judgement not said here	by the young Cadi regard the olives	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	regard	gerund			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He correctly determined the olives were of the present year, and the merchant was duly condemned as a thief.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj
2	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	3 determined	advmod
3	determined	determine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 olives	det
5	olives	olive	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 year	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 year	cop
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 year	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 year	det
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 year	amod
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	ccomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 condemned	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 condemned	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 merchant	det
14	merchant	merchant	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 condemned	nsubj:pass
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 condemned	aux:pass
16	duly	duly	ADV	_	17 condemned	advmod
17	condemned	condemn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 determined	conj
18	as	as	ADP	_	20 thief	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 thief	det
20	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 condemned	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 determined	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	determine	past	He			correctly property	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the olives		of the present year		tree rules
3	condemn	past · passive		the merchant		as a thief; duly property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as thief=Attribute

Option 2

He correctly determined that the olives were of the present year, and the merchant was duly condemned as a thief, with his goods seized by the state and his name recorded in the court records for all future judges to see.

The tree, 41 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj
2	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	3 determined	advmod
3	determined	determine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 year	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 olives	det
6	olives	olive	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 year	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 year	cop
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 year	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 year	det
10	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 year	amod
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	ccomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 condemned	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 condemned	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 merchant	det
15	merchant	merchant	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 condemned	nsubj:pass
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 condemned	aux:pass
17	duly	duly	ADV	_	18 condemned	advmod
18	condemned	condemn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 determined	conj
19	as	as	ADP	_	21 thief	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 thief	det
21	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 condemned	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 goods	punct
23	with	with	ADP	_	25 goods	case
24	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 goods	nmod:poss
25	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	18 condemned	obl
26	seized	seize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 goods	acl
27	by	by	ADP	_	29 state	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 state	det
29	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 seized	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 name	cc
31	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	32 name	nmod:poss
32	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 state	conj
33	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 name	acl
34	in	in	ADP	_	37 records	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 records	det
36	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 records	compound
37	records	record	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 recorded	obl
38	for	for	ADP	_	41 judges	case
39	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	41 judges	det
40	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 judges	amod
41	judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 records	nmod
42	to	to	PART	_	43 see	mark
43	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	41 judges	acl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 determined	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	past	He				correctly property	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the olives			of the present year		tree rules
3	condemn	past · passive		the merchant			as a thief; with his goods; duly property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as thief=Attribute
4	seize	participle		his goods not said here			by the state and his name	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	record	participle		his name not said here	the court records for all future judges			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in record=Destination
6	see	to-infinitive						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7	name		his = he					nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

After careful examination of the vase, he correctly determined the olives were of the present year, and the merchant was duly condemned as a thief before the whole assembled court.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 examination	case
2	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 examination	amod
3	examination	examination	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 determined	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 vase	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 vase	det
6	vase	vase	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 examination	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 examination	punct
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 determined	nsubj
9	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	10 determined	advmod
10	determined	determine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 olives	det
12	olives	olive	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 year	nsubj
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 year	cop
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 year	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 year	det
16	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 year	amod
17	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 determined	ccomp
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 condemned	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 condemned	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 merchant	det
21	merchant	merchant	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 condemned	nsubj:pass
22	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 condemned	aux:pass
23	duly	duly	ADV	_	24 condemned	advmod
24	condemned	condemn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 determined	conj
25	as	as	ADP	_	27 thief	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 thief	det
27	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 condemned	obl
28	before	before	ADP	_	32 court	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 court	det
30	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 court	amod
31	assembled	assemble	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 court	amod
32	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 condemned	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 determined	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	determine	past	he		after careful examination of the vase	correctly property	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the olives		of the present year		tree rules
3	condemn	past · passive		the merchant	before the whole assembled court	as a thief; duly property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as thief=Attribute
4	assemble	participle					vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	examine			the vase			nom examination «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

He decided the olives were recent, and the merchants were rightly punished for deceiving the court with their claims.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 decided	nsubj
2	decided	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 olives	det
4	olives	olive	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 recent	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 recent	cop
6	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 decided	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 punished	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 punished	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 merchants	det
10	merchants	merchant	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 punished	nsubj:pass
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 punished	aux:pass
12	rightly	rightly	ADV	_	13 punished	advmod
13	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 decided	conj
14	for	for	SCONJ	_	15 deceiving	mark
15	deceiving	deceive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 punished	advcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 court	det
17	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 deceiving	obj
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 claims	case
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 claims	nmod:poss
20	claims	claim	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 deceiving	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 decided	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	decide	past	He			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the olives		recent property	tree rules
3	punish	past · passive		the merchants	rightly property	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	deceive	gerund		the court	with merchants's claims	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent court=Patient
5	claim		merchants = merchant			nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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