Exam question 1 · Arabian Nights, The Enchanted Horse, part 65: the Indian i…

Which of the following accurately describes the manner in which the Indian chose to direct the enchanted horse over the city of Schiraz?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Indian · What happens: follow, describe, choose, direct, enchant · To what, where: manner, enchanted horse, city

This is exam question 1 of lesson 225 «Arabian Nights, The Enchanted Horse, part 65: the Indian is killed and the princess pretends to be mad» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	6 describes	advmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 manner	det
8	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 chose	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Indian	det
12	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 chose	nsubj
13	chose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 manner	acl:relcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 direct	mark
15	direct	direct	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 chose	xcomp
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 horse	det
17	enchanted	enchant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 horse	amod
18	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 direct	obj
19	over	over	ADP	_	21 city	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 city	det
21	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 direct	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 Schiraz	case
23	Schiraz	Schiraz	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 city	nmod
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the manner		accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme
3	choose	past	the Indian		the manner		tree rules
4	direct	to-infinitive	the Indian not said here	the enchanted horse	the city of Schiraz		vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent horse=Theme over city=Eventuality
5	enchant	participle					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He guided the horse above the city to spread fear among its people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 guided	nsubj
2	guided	guide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 horse	det
4	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 guided	obj
5	above	above	ADP	_	7 city	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 city	det
7	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 guided	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 spread	mark
9	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 guided	advcl
10	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spread	obj
11	among	among	ADP	_	13 people	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 people	nmod:poss
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 spread	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guide	past	He	the horse		the city			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme above city=Destination
2	spread	to-infinitive	He not said here	fear				among fear's people	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fear=Theme among people=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He chose to fly over the city so the Sultan would see him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 chose	nsubj
2	chose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 fly	mark
4	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 chose	xcomp
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 city	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 city	det
7	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fly	obl
8	so	so	SCONJ	_	12 see	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Sultan	det
10	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 see	nsubj
11	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 see	aux
12	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 fly	advcl
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	choose	past	He			tree rules
2	fly	to-infinitive	He not said here		the city	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over city=Location
3	see	would	the Sultan	him = he		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He deliberately steered the horse directly above the city, in order to hasten and sweeten his revenge

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 steered	nsubj
2	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	3 steered	advmod
3	steered	steer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 horse	det
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 steered	obj
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 steered	advmod
7	above	above	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 steered	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hasten	punct
11	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	14 hasten	mark
12	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 in	fixed
13	to	to	PART	_	14 hasten	mark
14	hasten	hasten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 steered	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 sweeten	cc
16	sweeten	sweeten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 hasten	conj
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 revenge	nmod:poss
18	revenge	revenge	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 sweeten	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	steer	past	He	the horse	the city	deliberately, directly property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme above city=Destination
2	hasten	to-infinitive	He not said here				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	sweeten	infinitive	He not said here	horse's revenge			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent revenge=Patient
4	revenge		horse				nom revenge «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

He deliberately steered the horse directly above the city and the palace walls, to enjoy his revenge slowly at dusk

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 steered	nsubj
2	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	3 steered	advmod
3	steered	steer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 horse	det
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 steered	obj
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 steered	advmod
7	above	above	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 steered	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 walls	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 walls	det
12	palace	palace	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 walls	compound
13	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 city	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 enjoy	punct
15	to	to	PART	_	16 enjoy	mark
16	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 steered	conj
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 revenge	nmod:poss
18	revenge	revenge	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 enjoy	obj
19	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	16 enjoy	advmod
20	at	at	ADP	_	21 dusk	case
21	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 enjoy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	steer	past	He	the horse	the city and the palace walls		deliberately, directly property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme above city=Destination
2	enjoy	to-infinitive	He not said here	horse's revenge		dusk	slowly property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer revenge=Stimulus
3	revenge		horse					nom revenge «act transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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