Exam question 3 · Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence…

Ascertain the inference drawn by the King from the absence of a signature upon the verses.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, draw, absent · To what, where: inference, signature

This is exam question 3 of lesson 23 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence (Rule Forty-two and the unsigned letter)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 inference	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 King	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 King	det
7	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 drawn	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 absence	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 absence	det
10	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drawn	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 signature	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 signature	det
13	signature	signature	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 absence	nmod
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 verses	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 verses	det
16	verses	verse	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 signature	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the inference		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inference=Topic
2	draw	participle		the inference not said here	by the King; from the absence of a signature upon the verses	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from absence=Co-Patient
3	absent			a signature upon the verses		nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

That the Knave must have intended mischief

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 Knave	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Knave	det
3	Knave	knave	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 intended	nsubj:pass
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 intended	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 intended	aux
6	intended	intend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	mischief	mischief	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 intended	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	intend	must · perfect · passive		that Knave					vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 2

That the Knave was in a hurry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 Knave	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Knave	det
3	Knave	Knave	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 hurry	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 hurry	cop
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 hurry	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hurry	det
7	hurry	hurry	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Knave			a hurry			tree rules

Option 3

That the Knave must have been careless

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 Knave	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Knave	det
3	Knave	knave	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 careless	nsubj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 careless	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 careless	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 careless	cop
7	careless	careless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must · perfect	that Knave					careless property	tree rules

Option 4

That he is innocent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 innocent	nsubj
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 innocent	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 innocent	cop
4	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	That					innocent property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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