Test 9 · ★★★ · Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence…
What would happen if anyone could «win» an argument by inventing a rule just then?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: anyone · What happens: happen, win, invent · To what, where: argument, rule
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 23 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence (Rule Forty-two and the unsigned letter)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 happen | nsubj |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 happen | aux |
| 3 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 win | mark |
| 5 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 8 win | nsubj |
| 6 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 win | aux |
| 7 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 win | punct |
| 8 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 happen | advcl |
| 9 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 win | punct |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 argument | det |
| 11 | argument | argument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 win | obj |
| 12 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 13 inventing | mark |
| 13 | inventing | invent | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 win | advcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 rule | det |
| 15 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 inventing | obj |
| 16 | just | just | ADV | _ | 17 then | advmod |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 inventing | advmod |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 happen | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | would | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | win a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | could | anyone | a argument | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | invent | gerund | anyone not said here | a rule | then | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Whoever is in charge could make any rule to get rid of anyone they dislike, so the trial would be pointless
The tree, 21 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 make | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 charge | case |
| 4 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obl |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | aux |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 rule | det |
| 8 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 get | mark |
| 10 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 rule | acl |
| 11 | rid | rid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 get | xcomp |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 anyone | case |
| 13 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 rid | obl |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 dislike | nsubj |
| 15 | dislike | dislike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 anyone | acl:relcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 pointless | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 pointless | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 trial | det |
| 19 | trial | trial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 pointless | nsubj |
| 20 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 pointless | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 pointless | cop |
| 22 | pointless | pointless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 make | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | could · present | Whoever | charge | make property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | get | to-infinitive | Whoever not said here | rid property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | dislike | present | they | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is | would | the trial | pointless property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Whoever is in charge could make any rule to get rid of anyone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 make | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 charge | case |
| 4 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obl |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | aux |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 rule | det |
| 8 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 get | mark |
| 10 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 make | xcomp |
| 11 | rid | rid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 get | xcomp |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 anyone | case |
| 13 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 rid | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | could · present | Whoever | charge | make property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | get | to-infinitive | Whoever not said here | rid property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
Whoever is in charge could make any rule he likes
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 make | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 charge | case |
| 4 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obl |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | aux |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 rule | det |
| 8 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 likes | nsubj |
| 10 | likes | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 rule | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | could · present | Whoever | charge | make property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | like | present | he | any rule not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot rule=Theme |
Option 4
Whoever is in charge could make any rule to get rid of anyone, and nobody could ever argue back again
The tree, 20 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 make | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 charge | case |
| 4 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obl |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 make | aux |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 rule | det |
| 8 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 get | mark |
| 10 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 rule | acl |
| 11 | rid | rid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 get | xcomp |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 anyone | case |
| 13 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 rid | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 argue | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 argue | cc |
| 16 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 19 argue | nsubj |
| 17 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 argue | aux |
| 18 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 argue | advmod |
| 19 | argue | argue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 make | parataxis |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 19 argue | advmod |
| 21 | again | again | ADV | _ | 19 argue | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | could · present | Whoever | charge | make property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | get | to-infinitive | Whoever not said here | rid property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | argue back speech: disagree | could | nobody | ever; again | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/23-alice-alices-evidence-1/t9/