Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 1: The River Bank…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the Rat's declaration upon the merits of boats?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: established facts, Rat · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, declare · To what, where: declaration

This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 1: The River Bank (the Mole leaves his spring-cleaning and meets the Rat)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Rat	det
14	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 declaration	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 Rat	case
16	declaration	declaration	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
17	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 merits	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 merits	det
19	merits	merit	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 concerning	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 boats	case
21	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 merits	nmod
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the Rat's declaration	upon the merits of boats	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus declaration=Experiencer
5	declare		the Rat			nom declaration «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He hated boats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hated	nsubj
2	hated	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hated	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	past	He	boats					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer boat=Stimulus

Option 2

He praised the sun and fishing and then rowed backwards into a tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 praised	nsubj
2	praised	praise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sun	det
4	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 praised	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fishing	cc
6	fishing	fishing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sun	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rowed	cc
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 rowed	advmod
9	rowed	row	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 praised	conj
10	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	9 rowed	advmod
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 tree	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 tree	det
13	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	praise	past	He	the sun and fishing					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme
2	row	past	He not said here			a tree	then	backwards property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into tree=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He praised messing about in boats and struck the bank whilst so doing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 praised	nsubj
2	praised	praise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	messing	mess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 praised	xcomp
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 boats	case
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 boats	case
6	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 messing	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 struck	cc
8	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 praised	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bank	det
10	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 struck	obj
11	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	13 doing	mark
12	so	so	ADV	_	13 doing	advmod
13	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 struck	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	praise	past	He			vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute
2	mess	gerund	He not said here		about boats	tree rules
3	strike	past	He not said here	the bank		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bank=Patient
4	do	gerund	He not said here			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

He sank a boat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sank	nsubj
2	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 boat	det
4	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sank	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	He	a boat					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent boat=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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