Exam question 3 · Fairy Tales, The Youngest Prince and the Apples, part 23:…

By what means did the Princess establish the identity of the young man she had seen at the castle?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Princess, she · What happens: mean, do, establish, see · To what, where: identity, young man, castle

This is exam question 3 of lesson 256 «Fairy Tales, The Youngest Prince and the Apples, part 23: the bear's forest, the watch in the tree and the handkerchief test» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 did	obj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Princess	det
6	Princess	Princes	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 establish	nsubj
7	establish	establish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 did	ccomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 identity	det
9	identity	identity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 establish	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 man	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 man	det
12	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 man	amod
13	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 identity	nmod
14	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 seen	nsubj
15	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 seen	aux
16	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 man	acl:relcl
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 castle	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 castle	det
19	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 seen	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	do	past				tree rules
3	establish	present	the Princess	the identity of the young man		vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent identity=Patient
4	see	past · perfect	she	the young man not said here	the castle	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

By making him walk across a handkerchief without stumbling, after first questioning every guard at the castle gate

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 making	mark
2	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 walk	advcl
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 making	obj
4	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	across	across	ADP	_	7 handkerchief	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 handkerchief	det
7	handkerchief	handkerchief	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walk	obl
8	without	without	SCONJ	_	9 stumbling	mark
9	stumbling	stumble	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 walk	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 questioning	punct
11	after	after	SCONJ	_	13 questioning	mark
12	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 questioning	advmod
13	questioning	question	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 walk	advcl
14	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	15 guard	det
15	guard	guard	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 questioning	obj
16	at	at	ADP	_	19 gate	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 gate	det
18	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 gate	compound
19	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 questioning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	gerund	you not said here	him = he			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product
2	walk	imperative	you not said here		a handkerchief		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across handkerchief=Trajectory
3	stumble	gerund	you not said here				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	question speech: other	gerund	you not said here	every guard	the castle gate	first property	vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guard=Recipient

Option 2

By asking him to name his brothers and father in front of her

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 asking	mark
2	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asking	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 name	mark
5	name	name	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 asking	xcomp
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 brothers	nmod:poss
7	brothers	brother	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 name	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 father	cc
9	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 brothers	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 front	case
11	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 name	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 her	case
13	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 front	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	gerund			him = he				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
2	name not said to happen	to-infinitive		his brothers and father		front of her			vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

By requiring him to walk over a handkerchief without stumbling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 requiring	mark
2	requiring	require	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 requiring	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 walk	mark
5	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 requiring	xcomp
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 handkerchief	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 handkerchief	det
8	handkerchief	handkerchief	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walk	obl
9	without	without	SCONJ	_	10 stumbling	mark
10	stumbling	stumble	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 walk	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	require	gerund	him = he		vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
2	walk	to-infinitive		a handkerchief	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over handkerchief=Trajectory
3	stumble	gerund			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

By having all the sons walk across a handkerchief laid on the floor of the great hall, while her maids watched closely from the balcony above

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 having	mark
2	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 walk	advcl
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 sons	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sons	det
5	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 walk	nsubj
6	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	across	across	ADP	_	9 handkerchief	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 handkerchief	det
9	handkerchief	handkerchief	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walk	obl
10	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 handkerchief	acl
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 floor	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 floor	det
13	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 laid	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 hall	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 hall	det
16	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 hall	amod
17	hall	hall	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 floor	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 watched	punct
19	while	while	SCONJ	_	22 watched	mark
20	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 maids	nmod:poss
21	maids	maid	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 watched	nsubj
22	watched	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 walk	parataxis
23	closely	closely	ADV	_	22 watched	advmod
24	from	from	ADP	_	26 balcony	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 balcony	det
26	balcony	balcony	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 watched	obl
27	above	above	ADV	_	22 watched	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	gerund	all sons not said here				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	walk	present	all sons		a handkerchief		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across handkerchief=Trajectory
3	lay	participle		a handkerchief not said here	the floor of the great hall		vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on floor=Destination
4	watch	past	her maids		the balcony	above, closely property	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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