Exam question 1 · Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Calf, part 27: the cal…

According to the passage, by what means did the bull-calf instruct the boy to protect himself while the combat took place?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: bull calf, combat · What happens: accord, mean, instruct, protect, take · To what, where: passage, boy, place · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 260 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Little Bull-Calf, part 27: the calf dies, the boy finds a princess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	According	accord	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 means	csubj
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 passage	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 passage	det
4	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 According	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 means	mark
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 instruct	aux
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 calf	det
11	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 calf	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 bull	punct
13	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 instruct	nsubj
14	instruct	instruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 means	parataxis
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 boy	det
16	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 instruct	obj
17	to	to	PART	_	18 protect	mark
18	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 instruct	advcl
19	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	18 protect	obj
20	while	while	SCONJ	_	23 took	mark
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 combat	det
22	combat	combat	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 took	nsubj
23	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 protect	advcl
24	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 took	obj
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund				to the passage goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to passage=Goal
2	mean	present					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	instruct speech: other	past · do-support	the bull calf		the boy		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient
4	protect	to-infinitive	the bull calf not said here	boy			vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary
5	take	past	the combat	place			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By climbing a tree, where only monkeys could approach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 climbing	mark
2	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 approach	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 climbing	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 climbing	punct
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 approach	advmod
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 monkeys	advmod
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 approach	nsubj
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 approach	aux
10	approach	approach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund	monkeys not said here	a tree					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	approach	could	monkeys						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

By climbing a tree and waiting there until the dragon had fully gone away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 climbing	mark
2	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 climbing	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 waiting	cc
6	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 climbing	conj
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 waiting	advmod
8	until	until	SCONJ	_	13 gone	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dragon	det
10	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gone	nsubj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 gone	aux
12	fully	fully	ADV	_	13 gone	advmod
13	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 waiting	advcl
14	away	away	ADV	_	13 gone	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund		a tree			vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	wait	gerund			there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	go away	past · perfect	the dragon			away, fully property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

By climbing a rock, where only dragons could reach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 climbing	mark
2	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rock	det
4	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 climbing	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 reach	punct
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 reach	advmod
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 dragons	advmod
8	dragons	dragon	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 reach	nsubj
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 reach	aux
10	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 climbing	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund		a rock					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location rock=Theme
2	reach	could	dragons						vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

By climbing a tall tree, where only monkeys could approach him safely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 climbing	mark
2	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 approach	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tree	det
4	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tree	amod
5	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 climbing	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 climbing	punct
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 approach	advmod
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 monkeys	advmod
9	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 approach	nsubj
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 approach	aux
11	approach	approach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 approach	obj
13	safely	safely	ADV	_	11 approach	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund	monkeys not said here	a tall tree					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	approach	could	monkeys	him = he				safely property	vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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