Test 18 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 4: The River Bank…

★★★ «This day was only the first of many similar ones». What does «similar» tell us?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: day · What happens: be, tell · To what, where: first, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 28 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 4: The River Bank (the Mole grabs the oars, the boat goes over, and a friendship begins)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «This day was only the first of many similar ones».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 first	punct
5	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 first	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 first	cop
8	only	only	ADV	_	10 first	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 first	det
10	first	first	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	1 ★	appos
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 ones	case
12	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ones	amod
13	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ones	amod
14	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 first	nmod
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 first	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	past	this day	the first				of many similar ones	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does «similar» tell us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 similar	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 similar	aux
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 similar	punct
4	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 similar	punct
6	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 similar	conj
7	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 tell	iobj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 similar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	infinitive			us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient

The options

Option 1

The next days were rainy and sad, with the Mole alone at home by the fire

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 days	det
2	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 days	amod
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rainy	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 rainy	cop
5	rainy	rainy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sad	cc
7	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rainy	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Mole	punct
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 Mole	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Mole	det
11	Mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rainy	conj
12	alone	alone	ADV	_	11 Mole	advmod
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 home	case
14	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Mole	nmod
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 fire	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 fire	det
17	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Mole	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the next days					rainy property	tree rules
2	be		the next days not said here						tree rules

Option 2

The later days were boring and quiet, with the Rat away on business each day

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 days	det
2	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 days	advmod
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 boring	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 boring	cop
5	boring	boring	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 quiet	cc
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 boring	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Rat	punct
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 Rat	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Rat	det
11	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 boring	obl
12	away	away	ADV	_	11 Rat	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 business	case
14	business	business	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Rat	nmod
15	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	16 day	det
16	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Rat	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the days					with the Rat on business; boring property	tree rules
2	be		the days not said here						tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The next days were like it — happy, on the river, with friends

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 days	det
2	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 days	amod
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 happy	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 it	cop
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 days	nmod
7	—	-	PUNCT	_	8 happy	punct
8	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 river	punct
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 river	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 river	det
12	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 happy	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 friends	punct
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 friends	case
15	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 happy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past						like it	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The next days were happy ones too, but the Mole rowed alone and never again sat in the bow of the boat

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 days	det
2	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 days	amod
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ones	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ones	cop
5	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ones	amod
6	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	too	too	ADV	_	6 ones	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 rowed	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 rowed	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Mole	det
11	Mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 rowed	nsubj
12	rowed	row	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ones	parataxis
13	alone	alone	ADV	_	12 rowed	advmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 sat	cc
15	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	16 again	advmod
16	again	again	ADV	_	17 sat	advmod
17	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 rowed	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 bow	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 bow	det
20	bow	bow	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 sat	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 boat	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 boat	det
23	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bow	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the next days	happy ones				tree rules
2	row	past	the Mole				alone property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
3	sit	past	the Mole not said here		the bow of the boat	again		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bow=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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