Exam question 1 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 31: the shadow re…

Which phrase best describes the learned man's response on seeing his former shadow restored as a gentleman?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: phrase, response · What happens: describe, learn, see, restore, shadow · To what, where: response, former shadow

This is exam question 1 of lesson 304 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, part 31: the shadow returns as a fine gentleman and boasts of what he saw» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 phrase	det
2	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 describes	nsubj
3	best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 describes	advmod
4	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 man	det
6	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 man	amod
7	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 response	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 man	case
9	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 describes	obj
10	on	on	SCONJ	_	11 seeing	mark
11	seeing	see	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 response	acl
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 shadow	nmod:poss
13	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 shadow	amod
14	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 seeing	obj
15	restored	restore	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 shadow	acl
16	as	as	ADP	_	18 gentleman	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 gentleman	det
18	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 restored	obl:agent
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	describe	present	which phrase	the learned man's response	well property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	learn	participle				vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	see	gerund	the learned man's response not said here	phrase's former shadow		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadow=Stimulus
4	restore	participle		phrase's former shadow not said here		vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
5	shadow		phrase			nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He feels amazed and says he could not recover his composure at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 feels	nsubj
2	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	amazed	amazed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 feels	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 says	cc
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 feels	conj
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 recover	nsubj
7	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 recover	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 recover	advmod
9	recover	recover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 says	ccomp
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 composure	nmod:poss
11	composure	composure	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 recover	obj
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 all	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 recover	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	feel	present	He			amazed property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	say speech: assert	present	He not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	not recover	could	he	his composure	all		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He expresses profound astonishment and disclaims any recovery from his surprise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 expresses	nsubj
2	expresses	express	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	profound	profound	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 astonishment	amod
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 expresses	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 disclaims	cc
6	disclaims	disclaim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 expresses	conj
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 recovery	det
8	recovery	recovery	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 disclaims	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 surprise	case
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 surprise	nmod:poss
11	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 disclaims	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	express	present	He	profound astonishment		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent astonishment=Theme
2	disclaim	present	He not said here	any recovery	his surprise	tree rules
3	surprise		his = he			nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

He reacts with calm indifference and treats the event as ordinary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reacts	nsubj
2	reacts	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 indifference	case
4	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 indifference	amod
5	indifference	indifference	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reacts	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 treats	cc
7	treats	treat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reacts	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 event	det
9	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 treats	obj
10	as	as	ADP	_	11 ordinary	case
11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 treats	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	react	present	He					with calm indifference	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with indifference=Eventuality
2	treat	present	He not said here	the event				as ordinary	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent event=Theme as ordinary=Attribute

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He shows profound astonishment, insisting he has never recovered from the surprise, and asks the restored gentleman to explain everything at once

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	profound	profound	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 astonishment	amod
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 insisting	punct
6	insisting	insist	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 shows	advcl
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 recovered	nsubj
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 recovered	aux
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	10 recovered	advmod
10	recovered	recover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 insisting	ccomp
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 surprise	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 surprise	det
13	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 recovered	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 asks	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 asks	cc
16	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 shows	parataxis
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 gentleman	det
18	restored	restore	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 gentleman	amod
19	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 asks	obj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 explain	mark
21	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 asks	ccomp
22	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	21 explain	obj
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 once	case
24	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	21 explain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	show	present	He	profound astonishment			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent astonishment=Recipient
2	insist speech: other	gerund	He not said here				vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	not recover	present · perfect	he			the surprise	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from surprise=Source
4	ask speech: ask	present			the restored gentleman		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent gentleman=Recipient clause=Topic
5	restore	participle					vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
6	explain speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive		everything			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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