Test 8 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 3: The Open Road…

The car flashed past very close to the cart. Why was that dangerous?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: car · What happens: flash, be

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 31 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 3: The Open Road (life on the road, and a motor-car)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The car flashed past very close to the cart.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flashed	nsubj
3	flashed	flash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	past	past	ADV	_	3 flashed	advmod
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 close	advmod
6	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 flashed	xcomp
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 cart	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cart	det
9	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 close	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flashed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flash	past	the car					close, past property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why was that dangerous?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 dangerous	advmod
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dangerous	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 dangerous	mark
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 dangerous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past						dangerous property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It drove so fast and close that the dust blinded everyone and nearly tipped the cart over

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drove	nsubj
2	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 fast	advmod
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 drove	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 close	cc
6	close	close	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin	2 drove	conj
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 blinded	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dust	det
9	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blinded	nsubj
10	blinded	blind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 close	ccomp
11	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	10 blinded	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 tipped	cc
13	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	14 tipped	advmod
14	tipped	tip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 blinded	conj
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 cart	det
16	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 tipped	obj
17	over	over	ADV	_	14 tipped	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	drive	past	It		fast property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
2	close	present				tree rules
3	blind	past	the dust	everyone		tree rules
4	tip over	past	the dust not said here	the cart	nearly, over property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It could have hit them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hit	nsubj:pass
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 hit	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 hit	aux
4	hit	hit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	could · perfect · passive		It					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient they=Result

Option 3

It knocked over the cart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 knocked	nsubj
2	knocked	knock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADP	_	5 cart	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cart	det
5	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 knocked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	knock	past	It			the cart			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over cart=Location

Option 4

The driver shouted rude things at them and then drove off into the distant forest without stopping

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouted	nsubj
3	shouted	shout	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shouted	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 them	case
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 shouted	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 drove	cc
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 drove	advmod
10	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 shouted	conj
11	off	off	ADP	_	10 drove	compound:prt
12	into	into	ADP	_	15 forest	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 forest	det
14	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 forest	amod
15	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 drove	obl
16	without	without	SCONJ	_	17 stopping	mark
17	stopping	stop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 drove	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	past	the driver	rude things			at things = thing	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
2	drive off	past	the driver not said here		the distant forest	then		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into forest=Trajectory
3	stop	gerund	the driver not said here					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/31-willows-ch2-part3-poop-poop/t8/