Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 1: The Wild Woo…

Identify the reason advanced by the Rat for declining to invite the Badger to dine.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, advance, decline, not invite, dine · To what, where: reason, Badger

This is exam question 1 of lesson 33 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 1: The Wild Wood (winter, and the Mole sets out alone)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	advanced	advance	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Rat	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Rat	det
7	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 advanced	obl
8	for	for	SCONJ	_	9 declining	mark
9	declining	decline	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 advanced	advcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 invite	mark
11	invite	invite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 declining	xcomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Badger	det
13	Badger	badger	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 invite	obj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 dine	mark
15	dine	dine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 Badger	acl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	advance	participle		the reason not said here		by the Rat	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	decline	gerund					vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	not invite	to-infinitive			the Badger		vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badger=Recipient
5	dine	to-infinitive					vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

That the Badger hated Society, invitations and dinner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 Badger	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Badger	det
3	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 hated	nsubj
4	hated	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Society	Society	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 hated	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 invitations	punct
7	invitations	invitation	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Society	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dinner	cc
9	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Society	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	past	the Badger	Society and invitations and dinner					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer society=Stimulus

Option 2

The Badger was too old to travel far from home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Badger	det
2	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 old	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 old	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 old	advmod
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 travel	mark
7	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 old	xcomp
8	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 travel	advmod
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 home	case
10	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 travel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Badger					old property	tree rules
2	travel	to-infinitive	the Badger not said here			home		far property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from home=Trajectory

Option 3

The Badger preferred to eat his supper alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Badger	det
2	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 preferred	nsubj
3	preferred	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 eat	mark
5	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 preferred	xcomp
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 supper	nmod:poss
7	supper	supper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eat	obj
8	alone	alone	ADV	_	5 eat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prefer	past	the Badger						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive	the Badger not said here	Badger's supper				alone property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supper=Patient

Option 4

That the Badger hated Society, invitations and dinner, and would bite any guest who came

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 hated	nsubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Badger	det
3	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 hated	nsubj
4	hated	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Society	Society	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 invitations	compound
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 invitations	punct
7	invitations	invitation	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hated	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dinner	cc
9	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 invitations	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bite	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 bite	cc
12	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 bite	aux
13	bite	bite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hated	conj
14	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	15 guest	det
15	guest	guest	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bite	obj
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 came	nsubj
17	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 guest	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	hate	past	That	Society invitations and dinner	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer invitation=Stimulus
2	bite	would	That not said here	any guest	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guest=Patient
3	come	past	any guest		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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