Exam question 2 · Fifty Famous Stories, The Story of Cincinnatus: a plowman…

What condition did the Carthaginian rulers impose upon the release of Regulus?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: condition, Carthaginian rulers · What happens: do, impose

This is exam question 2 of lesson 350 «Fifty Famous Stories, The Story of Cincinnatus: a plowman leaves his field to save Rome and then gives back his power» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 condition	det
2	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	nsubj
3	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rulers	det
5	Carthaginian	Carthaginian	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rulers	compound
6	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 impose	nsubj
7	impose	impose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 did	ccomp
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 release	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 release	det
10	release	release	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 impose	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Regulus	case
12	Regulus	Regulus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 release	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	what condition						tree rules
2	impose	present	the Carthaginian rulers					upon the release of Regulus	vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He must give Carthage all of Sicily and its harbors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 give	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 give	aux
3	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 give	iobj
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 Sicily	det
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Sicily	case
7	Sicily	Sicily	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 give	iobj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 harbors	cc
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 harbors	nmod:poss
10	harbors	harbor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Sicily	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	must	He		all Sicily and its harbors				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent carthage=Recipient sicily=Theme

Option 2

He must break his oath to the Roman Senate at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 break	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 break	aux
3	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 oath	nmod:poss
5	oath	oath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 break	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 Senate	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Senate	det
8	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Senate	compound
9	Senate	Senate	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 break	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 once	case
11	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 break	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	must	He	his oath				to the Roman Senate result	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent oath=Patient to senate=Result

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He must return to prison if peace is refused

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 return	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 return	aux
3	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 prison	case
5	prison	prison	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 return	obl
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 refused	mark
7	peace	peace	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 refused	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 refused	aux:pass
9	refused	refuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 return	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return	must	He					to prison result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to prison=Result
2	refuse a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		peace					vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

He must surrender the whole army to Carthage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 surrender	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 surrender	aux
3	surrender	surrender	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 army	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 army	amod
6	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 surrender	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 Carthage	case
8	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 surrender	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surrender	must	He	the whole army	Carthage				vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent army=Theme to carthage=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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