Exam question 1 · pg18442, Dick Whittington, part 18: Dick works in London,…

Which of the following best describes the cause of Dick's decision to return to the city?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Dick · What happens: follow, describe, return, cause, decide · To what, where: cause, decision

This is exam question 1 of lesson 358 «pg18442, Dick Whittington, part 18: Dick works in London, buys a cat, sends it to sea, and turns back home» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cause	det
8	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 decision	case
10	Dick	Dick	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 decision	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Dick	case
12	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cause	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 return	mark
14	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 decision	acl
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 city	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 city	det
17	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 return	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the cause of Dick's decision	of the best	tree rules
3	return	to-infinitive			to the city result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to city=Result
4	cause			Dick's decision		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
5	decide		Dick			nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The chimes of Bow Church were heard by him as an encouragement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chimes	det
2	chimes	chime	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 heard	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Church	case
4	Bow	Bow	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Church	compound
5	Church	Church	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 chimes	nmod
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 heard	aux:pass
7	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 him	case
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 heard	obl
10	as	as	ADP	_	12 encouragement	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 encouragement	det
12	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 heard	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past · passive	Church	the chimes of Bow Church				as a encouragement	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus

Option 2

The sound of the bells told him to go back to London

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sound	det
2	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 told	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bells	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bells	det
5	bells	bell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sound	nmod
6	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 told	iobj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 go	mark
9	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 told	xcomp
10	back	back	ADV	_	9 go	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 London	case
12	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past	the sound of the bells		him = he				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
2	go back not said to happen	to-infinitive	the sound of the bells not said here		London				vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to london=Result

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The cook had forgiven him and had asked him to come back to the kitchen at once

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cook	det
2	cook	cook	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forgiven	nsubj:pass
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 forgiven	aux
4	forgiven	forgive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 forgiven	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 asked	cc
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 asked	aux
8	asked	ask	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 forgiven	conj
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 asked	iobj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 come	mark
11	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 asked	xcomp
12	back	back	ADV	_	11 come	advmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 kitchen	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 kitchen	det
15	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 come	obl
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 once	case
17	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	11 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	forgive	past · perfect · passive	the cook			tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	past · perfect		him = he		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
3	come back not said to happen	to-infinitive			the kitchen	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to kitchen=Initial_Location

Option 4

Hunger drove him back to the warm kitchen in the city

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drove	nsubj
2	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drove	obj
4	back	back	ADV	_	2 drove	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 kitchen	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kitchen	det
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 kitchen	amod
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drove	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 city	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 city	det
11	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drive back	past	Hunger	him = he		the city		to the warm kitchen	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to kitchen=Destination in city=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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