Exam question 1 · The Æsop for Children, The Wolf and the Kid: a kid who dan…

Which of the following best describes the reason the young Kid remained in the pasture after the flock departed?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: young Kid, flock · What happens: follow, describe, remain, depart · To what, where: reason, pasture

This is exam question 1 of lesson 362 «The Æsop for Children, The Wolf and the Kid: a kid who dances for a wolf is saved by the Shepherd Dogs» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reason	det
8	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Kid	det
10	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Kid	amod
11	Kid	Kid	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 remained	nsubj
12	remained	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 reason	acl:relcl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 pasture	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 pasture	det
15	pasture	pasture	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 remained	obl
16	after	after	SCONJ	_	19 departed	mark
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 flock	det
18	flock	flock	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 departed	nsubj
19	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 remained	advcl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the reason		of the best	tree rules
3	remain	past	the young Kid	the reason not said here	the pasture		vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reason=Attribute
4	depart	participle	the flock				vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He had been warned by the Shepherd Dogs that wolves prowl near the pasture but he refused to believe it at all

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 warned	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 warned	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 warned	aux:pass
4	warned	warn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 Dogs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Dogs	det
7	Shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Dogs	compound
8	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warned	obl
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 prowl	obj
10	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 prowl	nsubj
11	prowl	prowl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 Dogs	acl:relcl
12	near	near	ADP	_	14 pasture	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 pasture	det
14	pasture	pasture	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 prowl	obl
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 refused	cc
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 refused	nsubj
17	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 warned	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 believe	mark
19	believe	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 refused	xcomp
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 believe	obj
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 all	case
22	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	19 believe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	past · perfect · passive	the Shepherd Dogs	He		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	prowl	present	wolves	the Shepherd Dogs	the pasture	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Trajectory
3	refuse	past	he			vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	not believe	to-infinitive	he not said here	pasture	all	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 2

He felt that the flock was too slow and wished to explore freely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 felt	nsubj
2	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 slow	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flock	det
5	flock	flock	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slow	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 slow	cop
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 slow	advmod
8	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 felt	advcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wished	cc
10	wished	wish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 slow	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 explore	mark
12	explore	explore	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 wished	advcl
13	freely	freely	ADV	_	12 explore	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	feel	past	He		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	is	past	the flock	slow property	tree rules
3	wish	participle	the flock not said here		vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
4	explore	to-infinitive	the flock not said here	freely property	vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He believed his growing horns had made him capable of looking after himself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 horns	nmod:poss
4	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 horns	amod
5	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 made	nsubj:pass
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 made	aux
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 believed	ccomp
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 made	obj
9	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 made	xcomp
10	of	of	SCONJ	_	11 looking	mark
11	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 capable	advcl
12	after	after	ADP	_	13 himself	case
13	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 looking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	believe	past	He				vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	grow	gerund					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	make	past · perfect · passive		his growing horns		capable property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Product
4	look	gerund			after himself = he		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

He was tricked into staying behind by a cunning wolf who promised him a rich meal of clover and sweet grass

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tricked	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 tricked	aux:pass
3	tricked	trick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	SCONJ	_	5 staying	mark
5	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 tricked	advcl
6	behind	behind	ADV	_	5 staying	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 wolf	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 wolf	det
9	cunning	cunning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wolf	amod
10	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 staying	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 promised	nsubj
12	promised	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 wolf	acl:relcl
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 promised	iobj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 meal	det
15	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 meal	amod
16	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 staying	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 clover	case
18	clover	clover	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 meal	nmod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 grass	cc
20	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 grass	amod
21	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 clover	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	trick	past · passive		He			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	stay	gerund		a rich meal of clover and sweet grass		by a cunning wolf; behind property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by wolf=Location
3	promise speech: promise	past	a cunning wolf		him = he		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/362-pg19994-part1/e1/