Exam question 4 · Aesop for Children, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf: a bored…

Describe the manner in which the wolf appeared and the extent of the injury it inflicted upon the flock.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, wolf, extent · What happens: describe, appear, inflict, extend · To what, where: manner, injury

This is exam question 4 of lesson 364 «Aesop for Children, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf: a bored boy cries "Wolf!" for fun until a real wolf comes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 manner	det
3	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Describe	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 appeared	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 wolf	det
7	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 appeared	nsubj
8	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Describe	parataxis
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 inflicted	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 extent	det
11	extent	extent	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 inflicted	nsubj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 injury	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 injury	det
14	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 extent	nmod
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 inflicted	nsubj
16	inflicted	inflict	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 appeared	conj
17	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 flock	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 flock	det
19	flock	flock	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 inflicted	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the manner		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme
2	appear	past	the wolf			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Location
3	inflict	past	the extent of the injury		upon the flock	tree rules
4	extend			the injury		nom extent «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It jumped out of the bushes at dusk and harmed several of the animals in the flock

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 jumped	nsubj
2	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	6 bushes	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bushes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bushes	det
6	bushes	bush	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jumped	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 dusk	case
8	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jumped	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 harmed	cc
10	harmed	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 jumped	conj
11	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 harmed	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 animals	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 animals	det
14	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 several	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 flock	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 flock	det
17	flock	flock	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 harmed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump out	past	It	the bushes			dusk		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location bush=Theme
2	harm	past		several		the flock			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus several=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It sprang from the underbrush at evening and killed a great many of the sheep

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sprang	nsubj
2	sprang	spring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 underbrush	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 underbrush	det
5	underbrush	underbrush	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sprang	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 evening	case
7	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sprang	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 killed	cc
9	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 sprang	conj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 many	det
11	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 many	amod
12	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 killed	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 sheep	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 sheep	det
15	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 many	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spring	past	It			the underbrush	evening		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from underbrush=Trajectory
2	kill	past		a great many of the sheep					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Theme

Option 3

It came at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 night	case
4	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	It				night		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It ran through the field

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 field	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 field	det
5	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ran	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	It			the field			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through field=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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