Exam question 4 · Aesop for Children, The Peacock and Juno: the vain Peacock…

What moral principle does the fable of the Monkey and the Dolphin illustrate, and why?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fable · What happens: illustrate

This is exam question 4 of lesson 368 «Aesop for Children, The Peacock and Juno: the vain Peacock's heavy train keeps him from flying» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 illustrate	obl
2	moral	moral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 principle	amod
3	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 illustrate	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 fable	det
6	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 illustrate	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Monkey	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Monkey	det
9	Monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fable	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Dolphin	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Dolphin	det
12	Dolphin	Dolphin	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Monkey	conj
13	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 why	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 why	cc
16	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	13 illustrate	parataxis
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 illustrate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	illustrate	present · do-support	the fable of the Monkey and the Dolphin						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It warns that people who lie about who they are will always be discovered, because the Monkey's false claim to be a citizen was exposed by the Dolphin.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 warns	nsubj
2	warns	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 discovered	mark
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 discovered	nsubj:pass
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 lie	nsubj
6	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 people	acl:relcl
7	about	about	ADP	_	8 who	case
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 lie	obl
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 who	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 discovered	aux:pass
11	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 discovered	aux
12	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	14 discovered	advmod
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 discovered	aux:pass
14	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 warns	ccomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 exposed	punct
16	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 exposed	mark
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Monkey	det
18	Monkey	Monkey	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 claim	nmod:poss
19	's	's	PART	_	18 Monkey	case
20	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 claim	amod
21	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 exposed	nsubj:pass
22	to	to	PART	_	25 citizen	mark
23	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 citizen	cop
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 citizen	det
25	citizen	citizen	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 claim	nmod
26	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 exposed	aux:pass
27	exposed	expose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 discovered	conj
28	by	by	ADP	_	30 Dolphin	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 Dolphin	det
30	Dolphin	Dolphin	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 exposed	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 warns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	present	It			vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	lie	present	people		about people	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about who=Location
3	discover	present · passive		people	always property	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
4	is a	to-infinitive		a citizen		tree rules
5	expose	past · passive	the Dolphin	the Monkey's false claim		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic
6	claim		the Monkey			nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It shows the moral danger of false pretence in general, for the Monkey's deceit was the very thing that exposed him to the sea and ruin in the end.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 danger	det
4	moral	moral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 danger	amod
5	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 pretence	case
7	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pretence	amod
8	pretence	pretence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 danger	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 general	case
10	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pretence	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 thing	punct
12	for	for	ADP	_	20 thing	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Monkey	det
14	Monkey	Monkey	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 deceit	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 Monkey	case
16	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 thing	nsubj
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 thing	cop
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 thing	det
19	very	very	ADV	_	20 thing	advmod
20	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	parataxis
21	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 exposed	nsubj
22	exposed	expose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 thing	acl:relcl
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 exposed	obj
24	to	to	ADP	_	26 sea	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 sea	det
26	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 exposed	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 ruin	cc
28	ruin	ruin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 exposed	conj
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 end	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 end	det
31	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 ruin	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It	the moral danger of false pretence in general				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent danger=Recipient
2	is	past	the Monkey's deceit				for the thing	tree rules
3	expose	past	the thing	Monkey	the sea			vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Theme to sea=Recipient
4	ruin	present	the thing not said here			in the end		vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It teaches that kindness is rewarded, because the Dolphin saved the Monkey.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 teaches	nsubj
2	teaches	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 rewarded	mark
4	kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rewarded	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rewarded	aux:pass
6	rewarded	reward	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 teaches	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 saved	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 saved	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Dolphin	det
10	Dolphin	Dolphin	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 saved	nsubj
11	saved	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 rewarded	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Monkey	det
13	Monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 saved	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 teaches	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present	It		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	reward	present · passive		kindness	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
3	save	past	the Dolphin	the Monkey	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monkey=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It illustrates the danger of false pretence, because the Monkey's lie exposed him.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 illustrates	nsubj
2	illustrates	illustrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 danger	det
4	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 illustrates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 pretence	case
6	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pretence	amod
7	pretence	pretence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 danger	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 exposed	punct
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 exposed	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Monkey	det
11	Monkey	Monkey	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 lie	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Monkey	case
13	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 exposed	nsubj
14	exposed	expose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 illustrates	parataxis
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 exposed	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 illustrates	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	illustrate	present	It	the danger of false pretence	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent danger=Destination
2	expose	past	the Monkey's lie	Monkey	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot he=Topic
3	lie		the Monkey		nom lie «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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