Exam question 2 · Aesop for Children, The Lark and Her Young Ones: the farme…

With what reasoning did the mother Lark justify the immediate departure of her brood from the field?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Lark, brood · What happens: justify, depart · To what, where: immediate departure

This is exam question 2 of lesson 377 «Aesop for Children, The Lark and Her Young Ones: the farmer must cut his wheat himself, so the larks fly away» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	SCONJ	_	4 did	mark
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 did	obj
3	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 did	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 justify	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mother	det
6	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 did	obj
7	Lark	Lark	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 justify	nsubj
8	justify	justify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 departure	det
10	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 departure	amod
11	departure	departure	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 justify	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 brood	case
13	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 brood	nmod:poss
14	brood	brood	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 departure	nmod
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 field	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 field	det
17	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 brood	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 justify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	justify speech: other	past · do-support	Lark	the immediate departure of Lark's brood from the field					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent departure=Topic
2	depart		Lark's brood from the field						nom departure «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She argued the farmer would soon bring help from the village to cut the field

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 argued	nsubj
2	argued	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 farmer	det
4	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bring	nsubj
5	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 bring	aux
6	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 bring	advmod
7	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 argued	ccomp
8	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bring	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 village	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 village	det
11	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bring	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 cut	mark
13	cut	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 bring	advcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 field	det
15	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cut	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	argue speech: disagree	past	She				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	bring	would	the farmer	help	the village	soon property	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent help=Theme from village=Initial_Location
3	cut	to-infinitive	the farmer not said here	the field			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset field=Product

Option 2

She reasoned, after a long discussion with the young larks about the wheat and the cat and the hedge, that a man who works for himself causes no further delay and so they must leave

The tree, 35 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reasoned	nsubj
2	reasoned	reason	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 discussion	punct
4	after	after	ADP	_	7 discussion	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 discussion	det
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 discussion	amod
7	discussion	discussion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reasoned	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 larks	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 larks	det
10	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 larks	amod
11	larks	lark	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 discussion	nmod
12	about	about	ADP	_	14 wheat	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 wheat	det
14	wheat	wheat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 larks	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 cat	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 cat	det
17	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wheat	conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 hedge	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 hedge	det
20	hedge	hedge	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wheat	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 causes	punct
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	29 causes	mark
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 man	det
24	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 causes	nsubj
25	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 works	nsubj
26	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 man	acl:relcl
27	for	for	ADP	_	28 himself	case
28	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	26 works	obl
29	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reasoned	parataxis
30	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	32 delay	det
31	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 delay	amod
32	delay	delay	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 causes	obj
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 leave	cc
34	so	so	ADV	_	37 leave	advmod
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 leave	nsubj
36	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 leave	aux
37	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 reasoned	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	reason	past	She		after a long discussion with the young larks about the wheat and the cat and the hedge		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	work	present	a man			for man	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for himself=Beneficiary
3	cause	present	a man	no further delay			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition delay=Patient
4	leave	must	wheat				vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

She reasoned that a man who works for himself causes no further delay

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reasoned	nsubj
2	reasoned	reason	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 causes	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 man	det
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 causes	nsubj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 works	nsubj
7	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 man	acl:relcl
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 himself	case
9	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 works	obl
10	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reasoned	advcl
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 delay	det
12	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 delay	amod
13	delay	delay	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reason	past	She			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	work	present	a man		for man	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for himself=Beneficiary
3	cause	present	a man	no further delay		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition delay=Patient

Option 4

She reasoned that since the farmer had given up waiting for his friends and was now going to work alone with his son, the larks had no reason to stay

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reasoned	nsubj
2	reasoned	reason	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 given	mark
4	since	since	ADP	_	6 farmer	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 farmer	det
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 given	obl
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 given	aux
8	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 reasoned	ccomp
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 given	compound:prt
10	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 given	advcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 friends	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 friends	nmod:poss
13	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 waiting	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 going	cc
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 going	aux
16	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 going	advmod
17	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 reasoned	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 work	mark
19	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 going	xcomp
20	alone	alone	ADV	_	19 work	advmod
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 son	case
22	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 son	nmod:poss
23	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 work	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 had	punct
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 larks	det
26	larks	lark	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 had	nsubj
27	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 reasoned	conj
28	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	29 reason	det
29	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 had	obj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 stay	mark
31	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 reason	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	reason	past	She				vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	give up	past · perfect	She not said here		since the farmer		vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	wait	gerund	She not said here			for farmer's friends	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	go	past · progressive	She not said here		now		vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	work	to-infinitive	She not said here			with farmer's son; alone property	vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with son=Co-Agent
6	have	past	the larks	no reason			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient
7	stay	to-infinitive	the larks not said here	no reason not said here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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