Exam question 4 · Aesop for Children, The Lark and Her Young Ones: the farme…

What general moral, expressed in the concluding sentence of the tale, may be inferred from the conduct of the Farmer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: moral, express, infer, sentence, conduct · To what, where: general moral, concluding sentence, conduct, tale, Farmer

This is exam question 4 of lesson 377 «Aesop for Children, The Lark and Her Young Ones: the farmer must cut his wheat himself, so the larks fly away» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 moral	nsubj
2	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 moral	amod
3	moral	moral	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 inferred	nsubj:pass
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 expressed	punct
5	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 moral	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 sentence	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sentence	det
8	concluding	concluding	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sentence	compound
9	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 expressed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 tale	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tale	det
12	tale	tale	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sentence	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 moral	punct
14	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 inferred	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 inferred	aux:pass
16	inferred	infer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 conduct	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 conduct	det
19	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 inferred	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 Farmer	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 Farmer	det
22	Farmer	Farmer	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 conduct	nmod
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	16 inferred	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	moral				tree rules
2	express	participle	general moral not said here	the concluding sentence of the tale	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	infer	may · passive	general moral	the conduct of the Farmer	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from conduct=Source
4	sentence		the tale		nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient
5	conduct		the Farmer		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A farmer who waits for others to help him will always lose most of his crop to the weather and the birds

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 farmer	det
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lose	nsubj
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 waits	nsubj
4	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 farmer	acl:relcl
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 others	case
6	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 waits	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 help	mark
8	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 waits	advcl
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 help	obj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 lose	aux
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 lose	advmod
12	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 lose	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 crop	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 crop	nmod:poss
16	crop	crop	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 most	nmod
17	to	to	ADP	_	19 weather	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 weather	det
19	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lose	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 birds	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 birds	det
22	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 weather	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	wait	present	a farmer			for others	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	help	to-infinitive	a farmer not said here		farmer		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary
3	lose	future	a farmer	most of farmer's crop		to the weather and the birds; always property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality

Option 2

Friends always come when needed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 come	advmod
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 needed	advmod
5	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 come	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Friends					always property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	need	participle	Friends not said here						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 3

Help comes to those who wait

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 those	case
4	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 comes	obl
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 wait	nsubj
6	wait	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 those	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Help			those			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to that=Initial_Location
2	wait	present							vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Self-help is the best help

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 help	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Self	punct
3	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 help	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 help	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 help	det
6	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 help	amod
7	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Self help	the best help					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/377-pg19994-part16/e4/