Test 18 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (b…

★★★ «Then he's a millionaire,» says Theo, «because the Rat says he's rich.» What is wrong with Theo's reasoning?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, Rat, Theo · What happens: be, say, reason · To what, where: millionaire, Theo · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 18 · ★★★ of lesson 38 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Then he's a millionaire,» says Theo, «because the Rat says he's rich.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 says	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 millionaire	punct
5	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 millionaire	advmod
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 millionaire	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 millionaire	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 millionaire	det
9	millionaire	millionaire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 says	punct
12	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	Theo	Theo	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 says	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Theo	punct
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	19 says	punct
16	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 says	mark
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Rat	det
18	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 says	nsubj
19	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 says	conj
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 rich	nsubj
21	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 rich	cop
22	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 says	ccomp
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 says	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	19 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	★	a millionaire	then		tree rules
2	say speech: assert	present	★	Theo			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent theo=Topic
3	say speech: assert in a quote	present	the Rat				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is in a quote	present	Rat			rich property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong with Theo's reasoning?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 reasoning	case
5	Theo	Theo	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 reasoning	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Theo	case
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrong	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						with Theo's reasoning; wrong property	tree rules
2	reason		Theo						nom reasoning «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The Rat says he's rich but «not a millionaire» — rich doesn't mean a millionaire

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 rich	nsubj
5	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rich	cop
6	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 millionaire	cc
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 millionaire	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 millionaire	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 millionaire	det
11	millionaire	millionaire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rich	conj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 rich	punct
13	—	-	PUNCT	_	17 mean	punct
14	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 mean	nsubj
15	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 mean	aux
16	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 mean	advmod
17	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	parataxis
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 millionaire	det
19	millionaire	millionaire	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 mean	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the Rat			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Rat		rich property	tree rules
3	not mean	present · do-support	rich	a millionaire		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent millionaire=Topic

Option 2

Theo is correct, he is rich

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Theo	Theo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 correct	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 correct	cop
3	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 rich	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 rich	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 rich	cop
7	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 correct	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Theo					correct property	tree rules
2	is	present	Theo					rich property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Theo is right, since the Rat calls Toad rich in the book

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Theo	Theo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 calls	punct
5	since	since	SCONJ	_	8 calls	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Rat	det
7	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 calls	nsubj
8	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	advcl
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 calls	obj
10	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 calls	xcomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 book	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 book	det
13	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 calls	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Theo					right property	tree rules
2	call	present	the Rat		Toad	the book		rich property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent toad=Recipient

Option 4

Theo is wrong because the Rat said Toad is poor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Theo	Theo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 said	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Rat	det
6	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	nsubj
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	advcl
8	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 poor	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 poor	cop
10	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 said	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Theo	wrong property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past	the Rat		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	Toad	poor property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/t18/