Test 4 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (b…
«He's rich, but if he keeps paying fines he'll be skint.» (skint = with no money) Which earlier warning from the Rat says the same thing?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: He, Rat · What happens: be, keep, pay, say · To what, where: fines, same thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 38 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «He's rich, but if he keeps paying fines he'll be skint.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 4 rich | punct |
| 2 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 rich | nsubj |
| 3 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rich | cop |
| 4 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 skint | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 skint | cc |
| 7 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 keeps | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 keeps | nsubj |
| 9 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 skint | advcl |
| 10 | paying | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 keeps | xcomp |
| 11 | fines | fine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 paying | obj |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 skint | nsubj |
| 13 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 skint | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 skint | cop |
| 15 | skint | skint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 rich | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 rich | punct |
| 17 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 4 rich | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | He | rich property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | keep a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | he | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | pay in a quote | gerund | he not said here | fines | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fine=Asset | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | future | he | skint property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: (skint = with no money) Which earlier warning from the Rat says the same thing?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 skint | punct |
| 2 | skint | skint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 warning | nsubj |
| 3 | = | = | SYM | _ | 6 money | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 money | case |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 money | det |
| 6 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 skint | conj |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 skint | punct |
| 8 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 warning | nsubj |
| 9 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 warning | advmod |
| 10 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 14 says | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Rat | det |
| 13 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 says | nsubj |
| 14 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 warning | acl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 thing | det |
| 16 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 thing | amod |
| 17 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 says | obj |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 warning | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Rat | the same thing | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
The options
Option 1
«Such a good fellow, too, but no stability»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 fellow | punct |
| 2 | Such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 5 fellow | det:predet |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 fellow | det |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fellow | amod |
| 5 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 too | punct |
| 7 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 fellow | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 stability | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 stability | cc |
| 10 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 stability | det |
| 11 | stability | stability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fellow | conj |
| 12 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 fellow | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
«Killed or ruined—it's got to be one of the two»
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Killed | punct |
| 2 | Killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 ruined | cc |
| 4 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Killed | conj |
| 5 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 got | punct |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 got | nsubj |
| 7 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 got | aux |
| 8 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 Killed | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 one | mark |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 one | cop |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 got | xcomp |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 two | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 two | det |
| 14 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 one | nmod |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 got | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill in a quote | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | ruin in a quote | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | get in a quote | present · passive | it | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | to-infinitive | one | of the two | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
«Give him a boat, and he'll sail off down the river for ever, a ruined animal»
The tree, 17 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Give | punct |
| 2 | Give | give | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 Give | iobj |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 boat | det |
| 5 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Give | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sail | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sail | cc |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 sail | nsubj |
| 9 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 sail | aux |
| 10 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 Give | conj |
| 11 | off | off | ADP | _ | 10 sail | compound:prt |
| 12 | down | down | ADP | _ | 14 river | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 river | det |
| 14 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sail | obl |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 ever | case |
| 16 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 10 sail | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 animal | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 animal | det |
| 19 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 animal | amod |
| 20 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Give | obj |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 Give | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give in a quote | imperative | you not said here | a boat | him = he | tree rules | |||
| 2 | sail off in a quote | future | he | the river | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent down river=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | ruin in a quote | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
«Mark my words, Toad will be ruined by fines and nobody will be able to help him now»
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 ruined | punct |
| 2 | Mark | Mark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 ruined | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 words | nmod:poss |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 Mark | appos |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Toad | punct |
| 6 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Mark | conj |
| 7 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 ruined | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 ruined | aux:pass |
| 9 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 fines | case |
| 11 | fines | fine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 ruined | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 able | cc |
| 13 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 16 able | nsubj |
| 14 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 able | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 able | cop |
| 16 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 ruined | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 help | mark |
| 18 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 able | xcomp |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 help | obj |
| 20 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 help | advmod |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 9 ruined | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ruin in a quote | future · passive | fines | Mark and Toad | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | future | nobody | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | help in a quote | to-infinitive | nobody not said here | Toad | now | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary | |||
| 4 | word in a quote | my | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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