Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (t…

Identify the principal ground upon which the Otter concluded that the missing animals were to be found at the Badger's residence.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Otter · What happens: identify, conclude, find · To what, where: principal ground, missing animals, residence

This is exam question 1 of lesson 39 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 3: Mr. Badger (the Otter comes through the snow, and the best home is underground)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ground	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ground	amod
4	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 concluded	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Otter	det
8	Otter	Otter	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 concluded	nsubj
9	concluded	conclude	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ground	acl:relcl
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 found	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 animals	det
12	missing	missing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 animals	amod
13	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 found	nsubj:pass
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 found	aux:pass
15	to	to	PART	_	17 found	mark
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 found	aux:pass
17	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 concluded	ccomp
18	at	at	ADP	_	22 residence	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Badger	det
20	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 residence	nmod:poss
21	's	's	PART	_	20 Badger	case
22	residence	residence	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 found	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal ground			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent ground=Theme
2	conclude	past	the Otter			upon the principal ground	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	find	past · passive		the missing animals	the Badger's residence		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at residence=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Mole's footprints.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 footprints	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Mole	case
3	footprints	footprint	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 footprints	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The general habit of animals in difficulty to resort to the Badger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 habit	det
2	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 habit	amod
3	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 animals	case
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 habit	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 difficulty	case
7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 animals	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 resort	mark
9	resort	resort	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 habit	acl
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 Badger	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Badger	det
12	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 resort	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resort	to-infinitive						to the Badger result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to badger=Result

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Rabbits had seen them walk that way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 seen	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 seen	aux
3	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 seen	obj
5	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 seen	xcomp
6	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walk	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past · perfect	Rabbits	them = they					tree rules
2	walk	infinitive	them = they not said here	that way					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The hedgehogs told him where they were

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hedgehogs	det
2	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 told	nsubj
3	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 told	iobj
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	3 told	ccomp
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 where	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 where	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past	the hedgehogs		him = he				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient
2	is	past	hedgehogs = hedgehog					where property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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