Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Three Bulls, part 20: qui…

Which action did the Lark mother judge to be a sign that the farmer was truly in earnest?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: action, farmer · What happens: do, be · To what, where: Lark mother judge, sign

This is exam question 1 of lesson 399 «Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Three Bulls, part 20: quick fables of tricks, greed and getting your comeuppance» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 action	det
2	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	nsubj
3	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 judge	det
5	Lark	Lark	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 judge	compound
6	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 judge	compound
7	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	11 sign	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 sign	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sign	det
11	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 judge	appos
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 earnest	mark
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 farmer	det
14	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 earnest	nsubj
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 earnest	cop
16	truly	truly	ADV	_	18 earnest	advmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 earnest	case
18	earnest	earn	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 sign	appos
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do	past	which action	the Lark mother judge		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judge=Eventuality
2	is a	to-infinitive		a sign		tree rules
3	is	past	the farmer		earn, truly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

His determination to harvest the whole field himself without any help from the neighbours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 determination	nmod:poss
2	determination	determination	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harvest	nsubj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 harvest	mark
4	harvest	harvest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 field	det
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 field	amod
7	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harvest	obj
8	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 field	nmod
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 help	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 help	det
11	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harvest	obl
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 neighbours	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 neighbours	det
14	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harvest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harvest	to-infinitive	His determination	the whole field determination		the neighbours		without any help	tree rules
2	determine		His = he						nom determination «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

His resolve to reap the field personally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 resolve	nmod:poss
2	resolve	resolve	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reap	nsubj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 reap	mark
4	reap	reap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 field	det
6	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reap	obj
7	personally	personally	ADV	_	4 reap	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reap	to-infinitive	His resolve	the field				personally property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme

Option 3

His promise to sell the crops

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 promise	nmod:poss
2	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 sell	mark
4	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 promise	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 crops	det
6	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sell	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	to-infinitive		the crops					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Theme
2	promise		His = he						nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

His resolve to reap the field personally with his own hands at dawn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 resolve	nmod:poss
2	resolve	resolve	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reap	nsubj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 reap	mark
4	reap	reap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 field	det
6	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reap	obj
7	personally	personally	ADV	_	4 reap	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 hands	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 hands	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hands	amod
11	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reap	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 dawn	case
13	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reap	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reap	to-infinitive	His resolve	the field			dawn	with resolve's own hands; personally property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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