Exam question 4 · Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Three Bulls, part 20: qui…

What lesson did the Horse learn when reduced to labour after his injury?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lesson · What happens: do, learn, reduce, injure · To what, where: Horse, labour

This is exam question 4 of lesson 399 «Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Three Bulls, part 20: quick fables of tricks, greed and getting your comeuppance» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 did	obj
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	nsubj
3	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 learn	advcl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Horse	det
5	Horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 did	obj
6	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 reduced	advmod
8	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 learn	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 labour	case
10	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reduced	obl
11	after	after	ADP	_	13 injury	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 injury	nmod:poss
13	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reduced	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 learn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	lesson	the Horse			tree rules
2	learn	present					vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	reduce	participle			after lesson's injury	to labour goal	vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer to labour=Goal
4	injure		lesson				nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Labour brings shame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shame	shame	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Labour	shame					vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent shame=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Pride brings downfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	downfall	downfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Pride	downfall					vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent downfall=Theme

Option 3

Pride brings downfall, so one should always be humble and modest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	downfall	downfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 humble	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	10 humble	advmod
6	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 humble	nsubj
7	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 humble	aux
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	10 humble	advmod
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 humble	cop
10	humble	humble	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 brings	parataxis
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 modest	cc
12	modest	modest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 humble	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Pride	downfall		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent downfall=Theme
2	is	should	one		always, humble property	tree rules
3	be		one not said here			tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Those who are proud and vain will always meet a hard fall in the end

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 meet	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 proud	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 proud	cop
4	proud	proud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Those	acl:relcl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 vain	cc
6	vain	vain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 proud	conj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 meet	aux
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 meet	advmod
9	meet	meet	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 fall	det
11	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fall	amod
12	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 meet	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 end	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 end	det
15	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 meet	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present				proud property	tree rules
2	be						tree rules
3	meet	future	Those	a hard fall	in the end	always property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Co-Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/399-pg21-part20/e4/