Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Toad's declaration before his friends?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Toad · What happens: follow, characteris, declare · To what, where: declaration

This is exam question 2 of lesson 46 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 2: Mr. Toad («I'm not sorry!» and the Toad locked in his bedroom)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 declaration	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Toad	case
11	declaration	declaration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	before	before	ADP	_	14 friends	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 friends	nmod:poss
14	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		Toad's declaration	before Toad's friends	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	declare		Toad				nom declaration «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A retraction of his professed repentance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 retraction	det
2	retraction	retraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 repentance	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 repentance	nmod:poss
5	professed	profess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 repentance	amod
6	repentance	repentance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retraction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	profess	participle			vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	retract			his professed repentance	nom retraction «communication transitive»: of=patient
3	repent		his = he		nom repentance «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

A retraction of his professed repentance, delivered in front of his friends

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 retraction	det
2	retraction	retraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 repentance	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 repentance	nmod:poss
5	professed	profess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 repentance	amod
6	repentance	repentance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retraction	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 delivered	punct
8	delivered	deliver	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 retraction	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 front	case
10	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 delivered	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 friends	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 friends	nmod:poss
13	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 front	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	profess	participle				vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	deliver	participle		a retraction of his professed repentance not said here	front of his friends	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	retract			his professed repentance		nom retraction «communication transitive»: of=patient
4	repent		his = he			nom repentance «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

A withdrawal of his claimed remorse

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 withdrawal	det
2	withdrawal	withdrawal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 remorse	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 remorse	nmod:poss
5	claimed	claim	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 remorse	amod
6	remorse	remorse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 withdrawal	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	claim speech: other	participle							vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	withdraw			his claimed remorse					nom withdrawal «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A full retraction of the repentance he had professed earlier, made publicly before all his friends

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 retraction	det
2	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 retraction	amod
3	retraction	retraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 repentance	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 repentance	det
6	repentance	repentance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 retraction	nmod
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 professed	nsubj
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 professed	aux
9	professed	profess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 repentance	acl:relcl
10	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 professed	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 retraction	acl
13	publicly	publicly	ADV	_	12 made	advmod
14	before	before	ADP	_	17 friends	case
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 friends	det:predet
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 friends	nmod:poss
17	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	profess	past · perfect	he	the repentance not said here		early property	vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent repentance=Theme
2	make	participle		a full retraction of the repentance not said here	before his friends	publicly property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	retract			the repentance			nom retraction «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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