Exam question 1 · Myths of Greece and Rome, Hera and Juno, part 8: Zeus puni…

Which god did the Roman Jupiter most closely resemble, and in what respect did the two differ?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: god, two · What happens: resemble, do, differ · To what, where: respect

This is exam question 1 of lesson 502 «Myths of Greece and Rome, Hera and Juno, part 8: Zeus punishes Lycaon, then Eris's apple starts a quarrel» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 god	det
2	god	god	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 resemble	nsubj
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 resemble	aux
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Jupiter	det
5	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Jupiter	compound
6	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 resemble	nsubj
7	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	8 closely	advmod
8	closely	closely	ADV	_	9 resemble	advmod
9	resemble	resemble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 did	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 did	cc
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 respect	case
13	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	14 respect	det
14	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 did	obl
15	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 resemble	advcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 two	det
17	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 differ	nsubj
18	differ	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 did	parataxis
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 resemble	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	resemble	past · do-support	which god		closely property	tree rules
2	do	past	which god not said here	what respect		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	differ	present	the two			vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Zeus, in being head of the Olympic gods, whereas Jupiter never appeared upon earth

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zeus	Zeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 appeared	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 head	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 head	case
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 head	cop
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 gods	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gods	det
8	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gods	amod
9	gods	god	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 head	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Jupiter	punct
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	12 Jupiter	case
12	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	conj
13	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	14 appeared	advmod
14	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 earth	case
16	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 appeared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund				head		of the Olympic gods	tree rules
2	not appear	past	Zeus and Jupiter			earth			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location

Option 2

Zeus, in being king of the Olympic gods, whereas Jupiter was the Roman god of farms, rivers, and the calendar year

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zeus	Zeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 king	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 king	case
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 king	cop
5	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 gods	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gods	det
8	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gods	amod
9	gods	god	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 king	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 god	punct
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	16 god	mark
12	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 god	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 god	cop
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 god	det
15	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 god	amod
16	god	god	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gods	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 farms	case
18	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 god	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 rivers	punct
20	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 farms	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Zeus	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 year	cc
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 year	det
24	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 year	compound
25	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						in king; of the Olympic gods and the Roman god	tree rules
2	is a	past	Jupiter	the Roman god				of farms and rivers	tree rules

Option 3

Zeus, in being head of the Olympic gods and the lord of lightning, whereas Jupiter never appeared upon earth in Roman myth

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zeus	Zeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 appeared	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 head	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 head	case
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 head	cop
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 gods	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gods	det
8	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gods	amod
9	gods	god	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 head	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 lord	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 lord	det
12	lord	lord	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gods	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 lightning	case
14	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lord	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 Jupiter	punct
16	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	17 Jupiter	case
17	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	conj
18	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	19 appeared	advmod
19	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	upon	upon	ADP	_	21 earth	case
21	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 appeared	obl
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 myth	case
23	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 myth	amod
24	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 appeared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund				head		of the Olympic gods and the lord of lightning	tree rules
2	not appear	past	Zeus and Jupiter			Roman myth		upon earth	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location

Option 4

Zeus, in being the father of Apollo, whereas Jupiter was a Roman war god

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zeus	Zeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 father	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 father	case
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 father	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 father	det
6	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Apollo	case
8	Apollo	Apollo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 father	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 god	punct
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	16 god	mark
11	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 god	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 god	cop
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 god	det
14	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 god	amod
15	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 god	compound
16	god	god	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Zeus	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						in the father; of Apollo	tree rules
2	is a	past	Jupiter	a Roman war god					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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