Exam question 4 · Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, part 51: Heracles brin…

Which of the following accurately summarizes the circumstances under which Heracles entered the service of Omphale?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Heracles · What happens: follow, summarize, enter, service · To what, where: circumstances, service, Omphale

This is exam question 4 of lesson 545 «Myths of Greece and Rome, Heracles, part 51: Heracles brings Cerberus up, kills Iphitus by accident, serves Omphale and takes revenge on two kings» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 summarizes	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 summarizes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 summarizes	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 summarizes	nsubj
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	6 summarizes	advmod
6	summarizes	summarize	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 circumstances	det
8	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 summarizes	obj
9	under	under	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 entered	obl
11	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 entered	nsubj
12	entered	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 circumstances	acl:relcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 service	det
14	service	service	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 entered	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Omphale	case
16	Omphale	Omphale	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 service	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 summarizes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	summarize speech: other	present		the circumstances		accurately property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumstance=Topic
3	enter	past	Heracles	the service of Omphale	the circumstances		vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme service=Destination
4	service			Omphale			nom service «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He was sold as a slave to Omphale to expiate the murder of Iphitus and was made to spin wool in women's clothes

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sold	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sold	aux:pass
3	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 slave	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 slave	det
6	slave	slave	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 Omphale	case
8	Omphale	Omphale	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 slave	nmod
9	to	to	PART	_	10 expiate	mark
10	expiate	expiate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sold	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 murder	det
12	murder	murder	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 expiate	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Iphitus	case
14	Iphitus	Iphitus	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 murder	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 made	cc
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 made	aux:pass
17	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sold	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 spin	mark
19	spin	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 made	xcomp
20	wool	wool	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 spin	obj
21	in	in	ADP	_	24 clothes	case
22	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 clothes	nmod:poss
23	's	's	PART	_	22 women	case
24	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	19 spin	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sell	past · passive	He		as a slave to Omphale	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	expiate	to-infinitive	the murder of Iphitus			tree rules
3	make	past · passive				tree rules
4	spin	to-infinitive	wool	women's clothes		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wool=Theme
5	murder		Iphitus			nom murder «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He was sold as a slave to expiate the murder of Iphitus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sold	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sold	aux:pass
3	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 slave	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 slave	det
6	slave	slave	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 expiate	mark
8	expiate	expiate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sold	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 murder	det
10	murder	murder	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 expiate	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Iphitus	case
12	Iphitus	Iphitus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 murder	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sell	past · passive	He	as a slave	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	expiate	to-infinitive	the murder of Iphitus		tree rules
3	murder		Iphitus		nom murder «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

He was exiled to Lydia to serve a queen for a year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exiled	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 exiled	aux:pass
3	exiled	exile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Lydia	case
5	Lydia	Lydia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 exiled	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 serve	mark
7	serve	serve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 exiled	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 queen	det
9	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 serve	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 year	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 year	det
12	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 serve	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exile	past · passive		He	Lydia				vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to lydia=Destination
2	serve	to-infinitive		a queen			year		vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent queen=Attribute

Option 4

He was sold to Omphale as payment for his crime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sold	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sold	aux:pass
3	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Omphale	case
5	Omphale	Omphale	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 payment	case
7	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 crime	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 crime	nmod:poss
10	crime	crime	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 payment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	past · passive		He	Omphale			as payment for Omphale's crime	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to omphale=Recipient
2	incriminate		Omphale						nom crime «act transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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