Test 5 · ★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adve…

Kirsty from Fife: «Toad's delulu, he kens fine the owl's a warder's hand.» (delulu = believing something unreal; kens = knows) Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Toad, owl, kens · What happens: ken, be, believe, know, put · To what, where: hand, delulu, owl · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 55 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kirsty from Fife: «Toad's delulu, he kens fine the owl's a warder's hand.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kirsty	Kirsty	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Fife	compound
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Fife	case
3	Fife	fife	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 delulu	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 delulu	punct
6	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 delulu	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Toad	case
8	delulu	delulu	X	Foreign=Yes	3 Fife	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 kens	punct
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 kens	nsubj
11	kens	ken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 delulu	parataxis
12	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 kens	xcomp
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 owl	det
14	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hand	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 hand	cop
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 warder	det
17	warder	warder	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hand	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 warder	case
19	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 kens	ccomp
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 Fife	punct
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 Fife	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ken in a quote	present	Toad					fine property	tree rules
2	is a in a quote	present	the owl	a warder's hand					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: (delulu = believing something unreal; kens = knows) Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 believing	punct
2	delulu	delulu	X	Foreign=Yes	4 believing	obj
3	=	=	SYM	_	4 believing	punct
4	believing	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 Put	csubj
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 believing	obj
6	unreal	unreal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 something	amod
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 kens	punct
8	kens	ken	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 Put	nsubj
9	=	=	SYM	_	10 knows	punct
10	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 kens	acl:relcl
11	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 kens	punct
12	Put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 Put	obj
14	right	right	ADV	_	12 Put	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	believe	gerund		delulu		vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent delulu=Theme something=Eventuality
2	know	present	kens not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	put	infinitive	kens	owl	right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1

It was only an owl's wing and a branch moving

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 wing	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wing	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 wing	advmod
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 owl	det
5	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wing	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 owl	case
7	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 branch	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 branch	det
10	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wing	conj
11	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 wing	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a owl's wing and a branch					tree rules
2	move	gerund	a owl's wing and a branch not said here						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

A warder's hand, after all, was truly there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 warder	det
2	warder	warder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hand	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 warder	case
4	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 there	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 all	punct
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 hand	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 hand	punct
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 there	cop
10	truly	truly	ADV	_	11 there	advmod
11	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	a warder's hand					there, truly property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It was only an owl's wing brushing past, and Toad's terror made him imagine a warder's hand grabbing him

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 wing	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wing	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 wing	advmod
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 owl	det
5	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wing	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 owl	case
7	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	brushing	brush	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 wing	acl
9	past	past	ADV	_	8 brushing	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 made	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 made	cc
12	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 terror	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Toad	case
14	terror	terror	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 made	nsubj
15	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wing	conj
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 made	obj
17	imagine	imagine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 made	xcomp
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 warder	det
19	warder	warder	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 hand	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 warder	case
21	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 imagine	obj
22	grabbing	grab	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 hand	acl
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 grabbing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a owl's wing		tree rules
2	brush past	gerund	a owl's wing not said here		past property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	make	past	Toad's terror	Toad		tree rules
4	imagine	infinitive	Toad not said here	a warder's hand		vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme
5	grab	gerund	a warder's hand not said here	Toad		vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It was only an owl's wing; Toad's fear made him imagine a hand

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 wing	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wing	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 wing	advmod
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 owl	det
5	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wing	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 owl	case
7	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 fear	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Toad	case
11	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	nsubj
12	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wing	conj
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 made	obj
14	imagine	imagine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 made	xcomp
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hand	det
16	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 imagine	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a owl's wing	tree rules
2	make	past	Toad's fear	Toad	tree rules
3	imagine	infinitive	Toad not said here	a hand	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme
4	fear		Toad		nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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