Exam question 2 · Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60: Odysseus frames Pala…

Which act of disobedience by Patroclus brought about his death, and by whose hand did he fall?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: act, disobedience, Patroclus · What happens: bring, fall, act, disobey, die

This is exam question 2 of lesson 554 «Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 60: Odysseus frames Palamedes, Achilles sulks, Patroclus dies, Achilles chases Hector» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 act	det
2	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 brought	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 disobedience	case
4	disobedience	disobedience	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 act	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 Patroclus	case
6	Patroclus	Patroclus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 disobedience	nmod
7	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	about	about	ADP	_	10 death	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 death	nmod:poss
10	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 brought	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 fall	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 fall	cc
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 hand	case
14	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	15 hand	nmod:poss
15	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fall	obl
16	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 fall	aux
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 fall	nsubj
18	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 brought	conj
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 brought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	bring	past	which act of disobedience by Patroclus	about act's death	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent
2	fall	past · do-support	act	by hand	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hand=Location
3	act		disobedience by Patroclus		nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent
4	disobey		Patroclus		nom disobedience «act transitive»: by=agent
5	die		act		nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He pursued the Trojans to the walls against Achilles' injunction, and fell by the hand of Hector

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pursued	nsubj
2	pursued	pursue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Trojans	det
4	Trojans	Trojan	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 pursued	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 walls	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 walls	det
7	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pursued	obl
8	against	against	ADP	_	11 injunction	case
9	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 injunction	nmod:poss
10	'	's	PART	_	9 Achilles	case
11	injunction	injunction	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 walls	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fell	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 fell	cc
14	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 pursued	conj
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 hand	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 hand	det
17	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fell	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 Hector	case
19	Hector	hector	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hand	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pursue	past	He	the Trojans	the walls against Achilles's injunction		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent trojan=Theme to wall=Trajectory
2	fall	past	He not said here			by the hand of Hector	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hand=Location
3	enjoin		Achilles				nom injunction «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

He charged at the Trojan ranks against Achilles' order, and was struck down by Hector

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 charged	nsubj
2	charged	charge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	SCONJ	_	6 ranks	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Trojan	det
5	Trojan	Trojan	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 ranks	nsubj
6	ranks	rank	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 charged	ccomp
7	against	against	ADP	_	10 order	case
8	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 order	nmod:poss
9	'	's	PART	_	8 Achilles	case
10	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ranks	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 struck	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 struck	cc
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 struck	aux:pass
14	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 charged	conj
15	down	down	ADP	_	14 struck	compound:prt
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 Hector	case
17	Hector	hector	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	charge	past	He		tree rules
2	rank	present	the Trojan	against Achilles's order	vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
3	strike down	past · passive	Hector		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	order		Achilles		nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

He ignored Achilles' command and pushed on to the gates, and was killed by the spear of Hector

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ignored	nsubj
2	ignored	ignore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 command	nmod:poss
4	'	's	PART	_	3 Achilles	case
5	command	command	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ignored	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 pushed	cc
7	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ignored	conj
8	on	on	ADP	_	7 pushed	compound:prt
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 gates	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 gates	det
11	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 pushed	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 killed	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 killed	cc
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 killed	aux:pass
15	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ignored	conj
16	by	by	ADP	_	18 spear	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 spear	det
18	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 killed	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Hector	case
20	Hector	hector	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 spear	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ignore	past	He	Achilles's command		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent command=Theme
2	push on	participle	He not said here		the gates	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent to gate=Trajectory
3	kill	past · passive	the spear of Hector			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	command		Achilles			nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

He pursued the Trojans all the way to the walls of the city against Achilles' explicit injunction, and fell at last by the hand of the mighty Hector, son of Priam

The tree, 32 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pursued	nsubj
2	pursued	pursue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Trojans	det
4	Trojans	Trojan	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 pursued	obj
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 way	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Trojans	nmod:unmarked
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 walls	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 walls	det
10	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 way	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 city	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 city	det
13	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 walls	nmod
14	against	against	ADP	_	18 injunction	case
15	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 injunction	nmod:poss
16	'	's	PART	_	15 Achilles	case
17	explicit	explicit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 injunction	compound
18	injunction	injunction	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 city	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 fell	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 fell	cc
21	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 pursued	conj
22	at	at	ADP	_	23 last	case
23	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 fell	obl
24	by	by	ADP	_	26 hand	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 hand	det
26	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 fell	obl
27	of	of	ADP	_	30 Hector	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 Hector	det
29	mighty	mighty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 Hector	amod
30	Hector	hector	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 hand	nmod
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 son	punct
32	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 Hector	appos
33	of	of	ADP	_	34 Priam	case
34	Priam	Priam	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 son	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pursue	past	He	the Trojans all way to the walls of the city against Achilles's explicit injunction			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trojan=Theme
2	fall	past	He not said here		last	by the hand of the mighty Hector	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at last=Location
3	enjoin		Achilles				nom injunction «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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