Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 3: Wayfarers All…

State the historical personage whose voyage is said to account for the presence of the seafarer's ancestor in that port.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: say · To what, where: voyage · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 58 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 3: Wayfarers All (the Sea Rat from Constantinople)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 personage	det
3	historical	historical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 personage	amod
4	personage	personage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	appos
5	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	6 voyage	nmod:poss
6	voyage	voyage	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	aux:pass
8	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 personage	acl:relcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 account	mark
10	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	xcomp
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 presence	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 presence	det
13	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 account	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	18 ancestor	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 seafarer	det
16	seafarer	seafarer	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 ancestor	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 seafarer	case
18	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 presence	nmod
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 port	case
20	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 port	det
21	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 ancestor	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		voyage					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Harald, King of Norway, who marched with a large army

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Harald	Harald	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 King	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Harald	punct
3	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 marched	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Norway	case
5	Norway	Norway	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 King	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 marched	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 marched	nsubj
8	marched	march	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 army	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 army	det
11	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 army	amod
12	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 marched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march	past	Harald King of Norway					with a large army	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Sigurd, King of Norway, who sailed thither with sixty ships

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 sailed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 King	punct
3	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sigurd	appos
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Norway	case
5	Norway	Norway	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 King	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sailed	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 sailed	nsubj
8	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	thither	thither	ADV	_	8 sailed	advmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 ships	case
11	sixty	sixty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 ships	nummod
12	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sailed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Sigurd					with sixty ships; thither property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Sigurd, King of Norway and the Holy Land, who sailed thither with sixty ships to fight the Saracens

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 sailed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 King	punct
3	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sigurd	appos
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Norway	case
5	Norway	Norway	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 King	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Land	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Land	det
8	Holy	Holy	PROPN	_	9 Land	compound
9	Land	Land	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sigurd	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 sailed	punct
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 sailed	nsubj
12	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	thither	thither	ADV	_	12 sailed	advmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 ships	case
15	sixty	sixty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 ships	nummod
16	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 sailed	obl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 fight	mark
18	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 sailed	advcl
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Saracens	det
20	Saracens	saracen	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 fight	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Sigurd and the Holy Land					with sixty ships; thither property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
2	fight	to-infinitive	Sigurd and the Holy Land not said here	the Saracens					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saracen=Co-Agent

Option 4

Sigurd, King of Norway, who sailed thither with sixty ships and fought many battles along the way home

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sigurd	Sigurd	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 sailed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 King	punct
3	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sigurd	appos
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Norway	case
5	Norway	Norway	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 King	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sailed	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 sailed	nsubj
8	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	thither	thither	ADV	_	8 sailed	advmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 ships	case
11	sixty	sixty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 ships	nummod
12	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sailed	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 fought	cc
14	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 sailed	conj
15	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 battles	amod
16	battles	battle	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 fought	obj
17	along	along	ADP	_	19 way	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 way	det
19	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fought	obl
20	home	home	ADV	_	19 way	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Sigurd					with sixty ships; thither property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
2	fight	past	Sigurd not said here	many battles				along the way	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Co-Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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