Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the conclusion of the ninth chapter?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, conclude · To what, where: conclusion, ninth chapter

This is exam question 4 of lesson 60 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All (the spell, the Mole and the cure)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 conclusion	det
14	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 chapter	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 chapter	det
17	ninth	ninth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 chapter	amod
18	chapter	chapter	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conclusion	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the conclusion of the ninth chapter		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conclusion=Experiencer
5	conclude			the ninth chapter		nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The Rat sailed off, and the Mole wept at the door

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sailed	nsubj
3	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 sailed	compound:prt
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 wept	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 wept	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Mole	det
8	Mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wept	nsubj
9	wept	weep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sailed	conj
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 door	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 door	det
12	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail off	past	the Rat						vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
2	weep	past	the Mole			the door			vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The Water Rat, supplied with pencil and paper, began to compose verse, and the cure was said to have begun

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Rat	det
2	Water	Water	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Rat	compound
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 began	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 supplied	punct
5	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 Rat	acl
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 pencil	case
7	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 supplied	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 paper	cc
9	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pencil	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Rat	punct
11	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	to	to	PART	_	13 compose	mark
13	compose	compose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 began	xcomp
14	verse	verse	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 compose	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 said	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 said	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 cure	det
18	cure	cure	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 said	nsubj
19	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 said	aux:pass
20	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 began	parataxis
21	to	to	PART	_	23 begun	mark
22	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	23 begun	aux
23	begun	begin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 said	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	supply	participle		the Water Rat not said here	with pencil and paper	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with pencil=Theme
2	begin	past	the Water Rat			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	compose	to-infinitive	the Water Rat not said here	verse		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verse=Result
4	say speech: assert	past · passive		the cure		tree rules
5	begin	to-infinitive · perfect				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The Rat, given paper, wrote a letter to the Sea Rat and was then at once reconciled with his ship and the sea

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 wrote	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 paper	punct
4	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 paper	amod
5	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Rat	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Rat	punct
7	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 letter	det
9	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wrote	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 Rat	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Rat	det
12	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Rat	compound
13	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 letter	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 reconciled	cc
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 reconciled	aux:pass
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	19 reconciled	advmod
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 once	case
18	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	19 reconciled	obl
19	reconciled	reconcile	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 wrote	conj
20	with	with	ADP	_	22 ship	case
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 ship	nmod:poss
22	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 reconciled	obl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 sea	cc
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 sea	det
25	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 ship	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	give	participle						vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	write	past	the Rat	a letter	the Sea Rat			vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to rat=Recipient
3	reconcile	past · passive	the Rat not said here			then	with Rat's ship and the sea	tree rules

Option 4

The Rat was sad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sad	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 sad	cop
4	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Rat					sad property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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