Test 8 · ★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All…
«The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.» (mate = friend) What is fairer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sea Rat, mate friend · What happens: be · To what, where: bad guy
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 60 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 5: Wayfarers All (the spell, the Mole and the cure)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «The Sea Rat is a bad guy, mate, a villain.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 guy | punct |
| 2 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Rat | det |
| 3 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Rat | compound |
| 4 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 guy | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 guy | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 guy | det |
| 7 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 guy | amod |
| 8 | guy | guy | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 mate | punct |
| 10 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 guy | vocative |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 villain | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 villain | det |
| 13 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 guy | parataxis |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 guy | punct |
| 15 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 guy | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | the Sea Rat | a bad guy | mate vocative | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: (mate = friend) What is fairer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 4 friend | punct |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 friend | compound |
| 3 | = | = | SYM | _ | 4 friend | punct |
| 4 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fairer | nsubj |
| 5 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 4 friend | punct |
| 6 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 fairer | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fairer | cop |
| 8 | fairer | fair | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 fairer | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | mate friend | fair property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He means well and simply wants a companion for his long voyage home
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 means | advmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 wants | cc |
| 5 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 6 wants | advmod |
| 6 | wants | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 means | conj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 companion | det |
| 8 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wants | obj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 voyage | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 voyage | nmod:poss |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 voyage | amod |
| 12 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wants | obl |
| 13 | home | home | ADV | _ | 6 wants | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | He | well property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | want | present | He not said here | a companion | for his long voyage; home, simply property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot companion=Theme | |||
| 3 | voyage | his = he | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Not a villain: he follows his own call, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 villain | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 villain | det |
| 3 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 follows | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 follows | nsubj |
| 6 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 villain | acl:relcl |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 call | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 call | amod |
| 9 | call | call | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 follows | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 dangerous | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 dangerous | cc |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 spell | nmod:poss |
| 13 | spell | spell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dangerous | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 dangerous | cop |
| 15 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 follows | parataxis |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 Rat | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Rat | det |
| 18 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 dangerous | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | present | he | his own call | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | his spell | for the Rat; dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | his = he | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 4 | spell | his = he | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 3
Not a villain: he follows his own call and is a stranger to the Rat, but his spell is dangerous for the Rat and must be broken
The tree, 27 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 villain | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 villain | det |
| 3 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stranger | nsubj |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 follows | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 follows | nsubj |
| 6 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 villain | acl:relcl |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 call | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 call | amod |
| 9 | call | call | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 follows | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 follows | cc |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 stranger | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 stranger | det |
| 13 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Rat | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Rat | det |
| 16 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 stranger | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dangerous | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 dangerous | cc |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 spell | nmod:poss |
| 20 | spell | spell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dangerous | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 dangerous | cop |
| 22 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 stranger | parataxis |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 Rat | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Rat | det |
| 25 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 dangerous | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 broken | cc |
| 27 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 broken | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 broken | aux:pass |
| 29 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 dangerous | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | present | he | his own call | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | a villain | a stranger | to the Rat | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is | present | his spell | for the Rat; dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | break | must · passive | his spell not said here | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 5 | call | his = he | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 6 | spell | his = he | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 4
Not a villain at all, but a sailor who is lonely, tired, and so mad with the sea that he loves the Rat
The tree, 23 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 villain | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 villain | det |
| 3 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 all | case |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 villain | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 sailor | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 sailor | cc |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 sailor | det |
| 9 | sailor | sailor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 villain | appos |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 lonely | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 lonely | cop |
| 12 | lonely | lonely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sailor | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tired | punct |
| 14 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 lonely | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 mad | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 mad | cc |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 mad | advmod |
| 18 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 lonely | conj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 sea | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sea | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 mad | obl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 loves | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 loves | nsubj |
| 24 | loves | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 mad | advcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Rat | det |
| 26 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 loves | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a sailor | lonely property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | a sailor not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | be | a sailor not said here | with the sea | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | love | present | he | the Rat | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rat=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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