Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Ad…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the barge-woman's opinion of Toad?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts, barge woman · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, opine · To what, where: opinion, Toad

This is exam question 4 of lesson 61 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Adventures of Toad (free, the canal and the barge-woman's washing)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 woman	det
14	barge	barge	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 woman	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 barge	punct
16	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 opinion	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 woman	case
18	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Toad	case
20	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 opinion	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the barge woman's opinion of Toad		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus opinion=Experiencer
5	opine		the barge woman	Toad		nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

She had suspected him of being a humbug from the outset, owing to his conceited manner of speech

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 suspected	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 suspected	aux
3	suspected	suspect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 suspected	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 humbug	case
6	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 humbug	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 humbug	det
8	humbug	humbug	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 suspected	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 outset	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 outset	det
11	outset	outset	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 humbug	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 owing	punct
13	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 suspected	advcl
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 manner	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 manner	nmod:poss
16	conceited	conceited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 manner	amod
17	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 owing	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 speech	case
19	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 manner	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	suspect	past · perfect · passive	She			vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme he=Attribute
2	is	gerund		the outset	of a humbug	tree rules
3	owe	gerund			to his conceited manner of speech goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to manner=Goal

Option 2

She had known from the first moment that he was a humbug, and had laughed at him all the way along the canal

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 known	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 known	aux
3	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 moment	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 moment	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 moment	amod
7	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 known	obl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 humbug	mark
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 humbug	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 humbug	cop
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 humbug	det
12	humbug	humbug	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 moment	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 laughed	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 laughed	cc
15	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 laughed	aux
16	laughed	laugh	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 known	parataxis
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 him	case
18	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 laughed	obl
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	21 way	det:predet
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 way	det
21	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 known	obl:unmarked
22	along	along	ADP	_	24 canal	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 canal	det
24	canal	canal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 known	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	know	past · perfect	She	all way	moment	along the canal	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is a	past	he	a humbug			tree rules
3	laugh	past · perfect				at him = he	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

She accepted his washerwoman story at once, but grew suspicious only when his manner of speech seemed too grand

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 accepted	nsubj
2	accepted	accept	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 story	nmod:poss
4	washerwoman	washerwoman	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 story	compound
5	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accepted	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 once	case
7	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 accepted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 grew	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 grew	cc
10	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 accepted	conj
11	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 grew	xcomp
12	only	only	ADV	_	18 seemed	advmod
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	18 seemed	advmod
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 manner	nmod:poss
15	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 seemed	nsubj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 speech	case
17	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 manner	nmod
18	seemed	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 grew	advcl
19	too	too	ADV	_	20 grand	advmod
20	grand	grand	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 seemed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	accept	past	She	his washerwoman story		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme
2	grow	past	She not said here		suspicious property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	seem	past	his manner of speech		grand property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

She found out at the lock that he was a prisoner, and then she helped him run away from the police

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 found	compound:prt
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 lock	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 lock	det
6	lock	lock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 prisoner	mark
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 prisoner	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 prisoner	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 prisoner	det
11	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 helped	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 helped	cc
14	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 helped	advmod
15	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 helped	nsubj
16	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 found	parataxis
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 helped	obj
18	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 helped	xcomp
19	away	away	ADV	_	18 run	advmod
20	from	from	ADP	_	22 police	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 police	det
22	police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find out	past	She		the lock			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	he	a prisoner				tree rules
3	help	past	she	him = he		then		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	run away	infinitive	him = he not said here		the police		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from police=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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