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Test 2 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Ad…

«I dare say it is, ma'am!» What does «I dare say» mean here?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, it · What happens: say, be, mean · To what, where: ma'am · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 61 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 1: The Further Adventures of Toad (free, the canal and the barge-woman's washing)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «I dare say it is, ma'am!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
3	dare	dare	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 ma'am	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 ma'am	cop
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 ma'am	punct
8	ma'am	ma'am	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 say	ccomp
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: express in a quote	dare	I						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	it	ma'am					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does «I dare say» mean here?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 say	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 say	nsubj
5	dare	dare	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct
8	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 say	conj
9	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 mean	advmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	dare · present · do-support	I						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
2	mean	infinitive	I not said here			here			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

I know

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	I						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

I suppose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 suppose	nsubj
2	suppose	suppose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suppose	present	I						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

I am sure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 sure	nsubj
2	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sure	cop
3	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	I					sure property	tree rules

Option 4

I doubt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 doubt	nsubj
2	doubt	doubt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	doubt	present	I						vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/61-willows-ch10-part1-the-barge-woman/t2/