Exam question 3 · The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers: Mowgli skins Shere Kha…

Which account correctly explains the reason the villagers gave for their hostility towards Mowgli on his return?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: account, reason · What happens: explain, give, return · To what, where: return · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 614 «The Jungle Book, Mowgli's Brothers: Mowgli skins Shere Khan and is cast out by the village» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 account	det
2	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 explains	nsubj
3	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	4 explains	advmod
4	explains	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 reason	det
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gave	nsubj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 villagers	det
8	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 gave	nsubj
9	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 explains	ccomp
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 hostility	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 hostility	nmod:poss
12	hostility	hostility	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gave	obl
13	towards	towards	ADP	_	14 Mowgli	case
14	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 gave	obl
15	on	on	ADP	_	17 return	case
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 return	nmod:poss
17	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gave	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 explains	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present	which account		correctly property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	give	past	the reason	reason's return	for villagers's hostility; towards Mowgli	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for hostility=Asset
3	return		reason			nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

They believed he had practised sorcery and could transform himself into a beast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 practised	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 practised	aux
5	practised	practise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 believed	ccomp
6	sorcery	sorcery	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 practised	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 transform	cc
8	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 transform	aux
9	transform	transform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 believed	conj
10	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 transform	obj
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 beast	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 beast	det
13	beast	beast	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 transform	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	believe	past	They			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	practise	past · perfect	he	sorcery		tree rules
3	transform	could	They not said here	himself = he	into a beast result	vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into beast=Result

Option 2

They thought he had cast spells on their children and their herds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cast	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cast	aux
5	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 spells	amod
6	spells	spell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 thought	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 children	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 children	nmod:poss
9	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spells	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 herds	cc
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 herds	nmod:poss
12	herds	herd	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spells	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	They	cast spells and spells's herds				on spells's children	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot spell=Theme
2	cast	past · perfect	he						vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

They believed Mowgli had practised sorcery, had been seen changing into a wolf, and had killed a tiger with magic

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 practised	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 practised	aux
5	practised	practise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 believed	ccomp
6	sorcery	sorcery	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 practised	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 seen	punct
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 seen	aux
9	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 seen	aux:pass
10	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 believed	ccomp
11	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 seen	xcomp
12	into	into	ADP	_	14 wolf	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 wolf	det
14	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 changing	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 killed	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 killed	cc
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 killed	aux
18	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 believed	parataxis
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 tiger	det
20	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 killed	obj
21	with	with	ADP	_	22 magic	case
22	magic	magic	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 tiger	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	believe	past	They			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	practise	past · perfect	Mowgli	sorcery		tree rules
3	see	past · perfect · passive				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: clause=Stimulus
4	change	gerund			into a wolf result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into wolf=Result
5	kill	past · perfect		a tiger	with magic	vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent tiger=Patient with magic=Instrument

Option 4

They believed he had cursed the buffalo and the whole village, and that he could take the shape of any animal in the jungle at will

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 believed	nsubj
2	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cursed	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cursed	aux
5	cursed	curse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 believed	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 buffalo	det
7	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cursed	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 village	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 village	det
10	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 village	amod
11	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 buffalo	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 take	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 take	cc
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 take	mark
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 take	nsubj
16	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 take	aux
17	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 believed	parataxis
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 shape	det
19	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 take	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 animal	case
21	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	22 animal	det
22	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 shape	nmod
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 jungle	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 jungle	det
25	jungle	jungle	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 animal	nmod
26	at	at	ADP	_	27 will	case
27	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 take	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	believe	past	They		vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	curse	past · perfect	he	the buffalo and the whole village	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Theme
3	take	could	he	the shape of any animal in the jungle	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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