Test 2 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 3: The Further Ad…

Why is the line about Oxford funny?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 63 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 3: The Further Adventures of Toad (the most conceited song and the very same motor-car)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 line	det
4	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 funny	nsubj
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 Oxford	case
6	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 line	nmod
7	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Why	advcl:relcl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						why property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The line is funny because Toad has clearly never been to Oxford, yet he brags about its clever men in front of everyone

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 line	det
2	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 funny	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 funny	cop
4	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 has	mark
6	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 funny	advcl
8	clearly	clearly	ADV	_	7 has	advmod
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 Oxford	advmod
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 Oxford	cop
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 Oxford	case
12	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 clearly	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 brags	punct
14	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	16 brags	cc
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 brags	nsubj
16	brags	brag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 funny	conj
17	about	about	ADP	_	20 men	case
18	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 men	nmod:poss
19	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 men	amod
20	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 brags	obl
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 front	case
22	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 brags	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 everyone	case
24	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	22 front	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	the line		funny property	tree rules
2	have	present	Toad		clearly property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not is	participle			to Oxford	tree rules
4	brag speech: other	present	Toad	front of everyone	about line's clever men	vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about man=Topic

Option 2

It is funny since Toad boasts of being wiser than Oxford's scholars while he cannot even spell words properly, and even misses rhymes

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 funny	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 funny	cop
3	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	6 boasts	mark
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 boasts	nsubj
6	boasts	boast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 funny	advcl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 wiser	case
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 wiser	cop
9	wiser	wise	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 boasts	obl
10	than	than	ADP	_	13 scholars	case
11	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 scholars	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Oxford	case
13	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 wiser	obl
14	while	while	SCONJ	_	19 spell	mark
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 spell	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 spell	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	19 spell	advmod
18	even	even	ADV	_	19 spell	advmod
19	spell	spell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 boasts	advcl
20	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 spell	obj
21	properly	properly	ADV	_	19 spell	advmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 misses	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 misses	cc
24	even	even	ADV	_	25 misses	advmod
25	misses	miss	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 funny	conj
26	rhymes	rhyme	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 misses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		funny property	tree rules
2	boast speech: other	present	Toad			vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	gerund			than Oxford's scholars; wise property	tree rules
4	not spell	can	Toad	words	properly property	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
5	miss	present		rhymes		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rhyme=Stimulus

Option 3

Toad claims Oxford men know nothing, yet he makes a grammar mistake in his own song

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 claims	nsubj
2	claims	claim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 men	compound
4	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 know	nsubj
5	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 claims	ccomp
6	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 know	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 makes	punct
8	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	10 makes	cc
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 makes	nsubj
10	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 claims	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 mistake	det
12	grammar	grammar	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mistake	compound
13	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 makes	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 song	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 song	nmod:poss
16	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 song	amod
17	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	claim speech: other	present	Toad			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	know	present	Oxford men	nothing		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus
3	make	present	Toad	a grammar mistake	Toad's own song	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product
4	sing		Toad			nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Toad says he is cleverer than the clever men at Oxford, but uses the wrong word «knowed»

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cleverer	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cleverer	cop
5	cleverer	clever	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 says	ccomp
6	than	than	ADP	_	9 men	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 men	det
8	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 men	amod
9	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cleverer	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 Oxford	case
11	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 men	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 uses	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 uses	cc
14	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	parataxis
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 word	det
16	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 word	amod
17	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 uses	obj
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	19 knowed	punct
19	knowed	knowe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 word	acl:relcl
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	19 knowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Toad			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Toad		than the clever men at Oxford; clever property	tree rules
3	use	present		the wrong word		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
4	knowe in a quote	past	the wrong word not said here			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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