Exam question 1 · Jungle Book, Animals in War, part 33: the animals question…

State the principal reason advanced by the young mule for questioning the conduct of the campaign.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: advance, question, conduct · To what, where: State principal reason, conduct, campaign

This is exam question 1 of lesson 632 «Jungle Book, Animals in War, part 33: the animals question orders before the big parade» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	advanced	advance	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 mule	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mule	det
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 mule	amod
9	mule	mule	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 advanced	obl
10	for	for	SCONJ	_	11 questioning	mark
11	questioning	question	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 advanced	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 conduct	det
13	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 questioning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 campaign	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 campaign	det
16	campaign	campaign	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 conduct	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	advance	participle	the State principal reason not said here	by the young mule	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	question speech: other	gerund	the conduct of the campaign		vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conduct=Recipient
3	conduct		the campaign		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He questions why the whole army must march and fight at all against the hill tribes.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 questions	nsubj
2	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 march	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 army	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 army	amod
6	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 march	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 march	aux
8	march	march	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 questions	acl:relcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fight	cc
10	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 march	conj
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 fight	obl
13	against	against	ADP	_	16 tribes	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 tribes	det
15	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 tribes	compound
16	tribes	tribe	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 fight	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 questions	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march	must	the whole army						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fight	infinitive	the whole army not said here			all		against the hill tribes	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He asks why the army must fight at all.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 fight	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 army	det
5	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fight	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fight	aux
7	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 asks	ccomp
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 fight	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	He						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fight	must	the army			all			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

He asks why the army must fight at all, when the Viceroy and the Amir could simply talk instead.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 fight	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 army	det
5	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fight	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fight	aux
7	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 asks	ccomp
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 fight	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 talk	punct
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	19 talk	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Viceroy	det
13	Viceroy	Viceroy	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 talk	nsubj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 Amir	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Amir	det
16	Amir	Amir	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Viceroy	conj
17	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 talk	aux
18	simply	simply	ADV	_	19 talk	advmod
19	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 fight	conj
20	instead	instead	ADV	_	19 talk	advmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	He			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fight	must	the army	all		vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	talk	could	the Viceroy and the Amir		instead, simply property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

He asks where the army sleeps tonight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 sleeps	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 army	det
5	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sleeps	nsubj
6	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 asks	ccomp
7	tonight	tonight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sleeps	obl:unmarked
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	He						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	sleep	present	the army				tonight		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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