Test 8 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Ad…

Danny, fixin' to (about to) laugh: «Toad finally learnt his lesson in that river, right?» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Toad, best answer · What happens: laugh, learn, be · To what, where: lesson, river

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 64 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter X, part 4: The Further Adventures of Toad (the horse-pond, the chase and a face in the bank)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danny, fixin' to (about to) laugh: «Toad finally learnt his lesson in that river, right?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danny	Danny	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fixin	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Danny	punct
3	fixin	fixin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	'	'	PUNCT	_	3 fixin	punct
5	to	to	PART	_	10 laugh	mark
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 about	punct
7	about	about	ADV	_	10 laugh	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	7 about	fixed
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 about	punct
10	laugh	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 fixin	acl
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 learnt	punct
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 learnt	punct
13	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 learnt	nsubj
14	finally	finally	ADV	_	15 learnt	advmod
15	learnt	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fixin	conj
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 lesson	nmod:poss
17	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 learnt	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 river	case
19	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 river	det
20	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 learnt	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 fixin	punct
22	right	right	INTJ	_	3 fixin	discourse
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fixin	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 fixin	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	to-infinitive						about property	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	learn in a quote	past	Toad	Toad's lesson		that river		finally property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best answer						tree rules

The options

Option 1

He says he will reform and never drive again

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reform	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 reform	aux
5	reform	reform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 drive	cc
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 drive	advmod
8	drive	drive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 reform	conj
9	again	again	ADV	_	8 drive	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	reform	future	he		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	not drive	infinitive	he not said here	again	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He swears solemnly that he will never touch a motor-car again, but he has said such things before and nothing has changed

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swears	nsubj
2	swears	swear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solemnly	solemnly	ADV	_	2 swears	advmod
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 touch	mark
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 touch	nsubj
6	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 touch	aux
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 touch	advmod
8	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 swears	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 car	det
10	motor	motor	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 car	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 motor	punct
12	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 touch	obj
13	again	again	ADV	_	8 touch	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 said	punct
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 said	cc
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 said	nsubj
17	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 said	aux
18	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 swears	conj
19	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 things	amod
20	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 said	obj
21	before	before	ADV	_	18 said	advmod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 changed	cc
23	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	25 changed	nsubj:pass
24	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 changed	aux
25	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 swears	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	swear	present	He			solemnly property	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	not touch	future	he	a motor car	again		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Co-Theme
3	say speech: assert	present · perfect	he	such things		before property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
4	change	present · perfect · passive		nothing			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He promises «if ever I steal a motor-car again!» — but he has promised before

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 promises	nsubj
2	promises	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 steal	punct
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 ever	mark
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 steal	advmod
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 steal	nsubj
7	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 promises	ccomp
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 car	det
9	motor	motor	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 car	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 motor	punct
11	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 steal	obj
12	again	again	ADV	_	7 steal	advmod
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	7 steal	punct
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 steal	punct
15	—	-	PUNCT	_	19 promised	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 promised	cc
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 promised	nsubj
18	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 promised	aux
19	promised	promise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 promises	parataxis
20	before	before	SCONJ	_	19 promised	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	promise speech: promise	present	He			vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	steal in a quote	present	I	a motor car	ever; again	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location car=Theme
3	promise speech: promise	present · perfect	he			vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, he promises never to drive again, and he means it this time, because the river taught him his lesson for good

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 promises	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 promises	nsubj
4	promises	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 drive	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 drive	mark
7	drive	drive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 promises	xcomp
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 drive	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 means	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 means	cc
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 means	nsubj
12	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 promises	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 means	obj
14	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 time	det
15	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 means	obl:unmarked
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 taught	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	20 taught	mark
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 river	det
19	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 taught	nsubj
20	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 promises	parataxis
21	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 taught	obj
22	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 lesson	nmod:poss
23	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 taught	obj
24	for	for	ADP	_	25 good	case
25	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 taught	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	promise speech: promise	present	he					vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not drive not said to happen	to-infinitive	he not said here			again		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
3	mean	present	he	it		time		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
4	teach speech: other	past	the river	river's lesson	him = he		for good	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient lesson=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/64-willows-ch10-part4-into-the-horse-pond/t8/