Test 15 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer…
Liam, our kid (my brother), says: «Toad cried 'cos Rat was mean.» Why did Toad really cry?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Liam, Toad, Rat · What happens: say, cry, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 15 · ★★ of lesson 65 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (home at the Rat's, a telling-off, and bad news)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Liam, our kid (my brother), says: «Toad cried 'cos Rat was mean.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liam | Liam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 says | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 kid | punct |
| 3 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 kid | nmod:poss |
| 4 | kid | kid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Liam | appos |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 7 brother | punct |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 brother | nmod:poss |
| 7 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 kid | appos |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 7 brother | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Liam | punct |
| 10 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 cried | punct |
| 12 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 cried | punct |
| 13 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 cried | nsubj |
| 14 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 says | ccomp |
| 15 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 mean | punct |
| 16 | cos | cos | SCONJ | _ | 19 mean | mark |
| 17 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 mean | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 mean | cop |
| 19 | mean | mean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cried | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 mean | punct |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 14 cried | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Liam | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | cry speech: express in a quote | past | Toad | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | past | Rat | mean property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why did Toad really cry?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 cry | advmod |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cry | aux |
| 3 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 cry | nsubj |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 cry | advmod |
| 5 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 cry | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past · do-support | Toad | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He heard the Rat would not speak to him
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Rat | det |
| 4 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 speak | nsubj |
| 5 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 speak | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 speak | advmod |
| 7 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 heard | ccomp |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 speak | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | He | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | not speak speech: other | would | the Rat | him = he | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
Option 2
He had been caught by the police and sent to a dungeon for his crimes on the road
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 caught | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 caught | aux:pass |
| 4 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 police | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 police | det |
| 7 | police | police | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 caught | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 sent | cc |
| 9 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 caught | conj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 dungeon | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 dungeon | det |
| 12 | dungeon | dungeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sent | obl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 crimes | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 crimes | nmod:poss |
| 15 | crimes | crime | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sent | obl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 road | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 road | det |
| 18 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 crimes | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | past · perfect · passive | the police | He | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | send | participle | the police not said here | a dungeon | for his crimes on the road | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to dungeon=Destination | |||
| 3 | incriminate | his = he | the road | nom crime «act transitive»: poss=agent on=place |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
He heard that the Wild Wooders had taken his home
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 taken | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Wooders | det |
| 5 | Wild | Wild | PROPN | _ | 6 Wooders | flat |
| 6 | Wooders | Wooders | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 taken | aux |
| 8 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 heard | ccomp |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 home | nmod:poss |
| 10 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 taken | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | He | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | take | past · perfect · passive | the Wild Wooders | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme home=Destination |
Option 4
He heard the Rat had been very cross and that the Wild Wooders had taken Toad Hall and his money
The tree, 20 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Rat | det |
| 4 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 cross | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 cross | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 cross | cop |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 8 cross | advmod |
| 8 | cross | cross | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 heard | ccomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 taken | cc |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 taken | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Wooders | det |
| 12 | Wild | Wild | PROPN | _ | 13 Wooders | flat |
| 13 | Wooders | Wooders | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 taken | aux |
| 15 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 cross | conj |
| 16 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Hall | compound |
| 17 | Hall | Hall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 taken | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 2 heard | cc |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 money | nmod:poss |
| 20 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | He | Hall's money | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past · perfect | the Rat | cross property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past · perfect · passive | the Wild Wooders | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme hall=Destination |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/65-willows-ch11-part1-why-steal-them/t15/