Test 6 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer…

Why is Toad's «quiet, steady, respectable life» promise hard to believe?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Toad · What happens: be, promise, believe

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 65 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 1: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (home at the Rat's, a telling-off, and bad news)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 promise	nsubj
4	's	's	PART	_	3 Toad	case
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 life	punct
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 life	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 quiet	punct
8	steady	steady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 life	amod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 steady	punct
10	respectable	respectable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 life	amod
11	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Toad	appos
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 life	punct
13	promise	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	advcl:relcl
14	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 promise	xcomp
15	to	to	PART	_	16 believe	mark
16	believe	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 hard	xcomp
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present		why property	tree rules
2	promise speech: promise	present	Toad	hard property	vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	believe	to-infinitive	Toad not said here		vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He has never kept a promise made to any friend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 kept	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kept	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 kept	advmod
4	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 promise	det
6	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kept	obj
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 promise	acl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 friend	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 friend	det
10	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 made	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not keep	present · perfect · passive		He					vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme promise=Attribute
2	make	participle		a promise not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He mentions a new motor-boat idea in the same breath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 mentions	nsubj
2	mentions	mention	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 idea	det
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 idea	amod
5	motor	motor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boat	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 motor	punct
7	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 idea	compound
8	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mentions	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 breath	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 breath	det
11	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 breath	amod
12	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mentions	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mention speech: other	present	He	a new boat idea		the same breath			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent idea=Topic

Option 3

He keeps losing his house and his money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	losing	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keeps	xcomp
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 house	nmod:poss
5	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 losing	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 money	cc
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 money	nmod:poss
8	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 house	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	He						tree rules
2	lose	gerund	He not said here	his house and his money					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Eventuality

Option 4

He has just been chased by stoats and promised to behave, but he still talks about cars

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 chased	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 chased	aux
3	just	just	ADV	_	5 chased	advmod
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 chased	aux:pass
5	chased	chase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 stoats	case
7	stoats	stoat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 chased	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 promised	cc
9	promised	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 chased	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 behave	mark
11	behave	behave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 promised	xcomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 talks	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 talks	cc
14	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 talks	nsubj
15	still	still	ADV	_	16 talks	advmod
16	talks	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 chased	conj
17	about	about	ADP	_	18 cars	case
18	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 talks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present · perfect · passive	stoats	He			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	promise speech: promise	past	stoats not said here				vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	behave not said to happen	to-infinitive	stoats not said here				vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
4	talk	present	he		still	about cars	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about car=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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