Test 2 · ★ · The Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons: the griffin…

Dude, why did the dragon even drown, was it too chunky to swim?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: dragon, Dude · What happens: drown, be, swim

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 650 «The Book of Dragons, The Last of the Dragons: the griffin dies and the whirlpools are explained» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dude	dude	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 chunky	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 drown	punct
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 drown	advmod
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 drown	aux
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dragon	det
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drown	nsubj
7	even	even	ADV	_	8 drown	advmod
8	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Dude	acl:relcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Dude	punct
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 chunky	cop
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 chunky	nsubj
12	too	too	ADV	_	13 chunky	advmod
13	chunky	chunky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	to	to	PART	_	15 swim	mark
15	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 chunky	xcomp
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 chunky	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	drown	past · do-support	the dragon		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Dude	chunky property	tree rules
3	swim	to-infinitive	Dude not said here		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It sank because it was too heavy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sank	nsubj
2	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 heavy	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 heavy	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 heavy	cop
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 heavy	advmod
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sank	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	It						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is	past	it					heavy property	tree rules

Option 2

It was too heavy, so the whirlpools dragged it down when Nigel was nearby

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heavy	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 heavy	advmod
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 dragged	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 dragged	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 whirlpools	det
8	whirlpools	whirlpool	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dragged	nsubj
9	dragged	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 dragged	obj
11	down	down	ADP	_	9 dragged	compound:prt
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 Nigel	advmod
13	Nigel	Nigel	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 dragged	obl
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heavy	cop
15	nearby	nearby	ADV	_	14 was	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					heavy property	tree rules
2	drag down	past	the whirlpools	it				Nigel obl	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It got trapped under the whirlpools when the tide came in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trapped	nsubj:pass
2	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	aux:pass
3	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 whirlpools	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 whirlpools	det
6	whirlpools	whirlpool	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 trapped	obl
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	10 came	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tide	det
9	tide	tide	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 came	nsubj
10	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	advcl
11	in	in	ADV	_	10 came	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	past · passive		It		the whirlpools			vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme under whirlpool=Destination
2	come in	past	the tide						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It got trapped under the whirlpools when the tide came back in and the water rose

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trapped	nsubj:pass
2	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	aux:pass
3	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 whirlpools	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 whirlpools	det
6	whirlpools	whirlpool	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 trapped	obl
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	10 came	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tide	det
9	tide	tide	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 came	nsubj
10	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 trapped	advcl
11	back	back	ADV	_	10 came	advmod
12	in	in	ADV	_	10 came	advmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 rose	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 rose	det
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 rose	compound
16	rose	rose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trapped	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	past · passive		It		the whirlpools			vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme under whirlpool=Destination
2	come back	past	the tide						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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