Exam question 2 · Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: Jo…

By what means was the dragon restrained, according to the passage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dragon · What happens: mean, be, accord

This is exam question 2 of lesson 651 «Book of Dragons, The Blacksmith and the Dragon, part 2: John finds a dragon in the dungeon and chains it up with his baby as a pledge» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 restrained	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dragon	det
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 restrained	nsubj
7	restrained	restrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 passage	punct
9	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 passage	case
10	to	to	ADP	_	9 according	fixed
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 passage	det
12	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 what	advcl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 what	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the dragon	restrain property	tree rules
3	accord	gerund			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By a thick iron collar fixed to the wall and a pair of heavy chains

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	5 collar	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 collar	det
3	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 collar	amod
4	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 collar	compound
5	collar	collar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 collar	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fixed	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 pair	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 pair	det
12	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 collar	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 chains	case
14	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 chains	amod
15	chains	chain	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 pair	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	participle		a thick iron collar and a pair of heavy chains not said here				to the wall	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to wall=Co-Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

By a collar and a set of chains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 collar	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 collar	det
3	collar	collar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 set	cc
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 set	det
6	set	set	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 collar	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 chains	case
8	chains	chain	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 set	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

By a magic amulet, a locked gate, and a sturdy wooden cage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 amulet	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 amulet	det
3	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 amulet	amod
4	amulet	amulet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 gate	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 gate	det
7	locked	lock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 gate	amod
8	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 amulet	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cage	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 cage	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 cage	det
12	sturdy	sturdy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cage	amod
13	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cage	amod
14	cage	cage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 amulet	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lock	participle							vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 4

By a spell and a locked gate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 spell	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 spell	det
3	spell	spell	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 gate	cc
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 gate	det
6	locked	lock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gate	amod
7	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spell	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lock	participle							vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/651-pg23661-part19/e2/