Test 5 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 2: «Like Summer…

Tyler: «the stoats nearly had two fits laughing, so like, 4 fits total?» Explain the joke.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tyler, two fits, you · What happens: have, laugh, explain · To what, where: two fits, joke

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 66 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 2: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (how Toad Hall was taken, a gun at the gate and a sunken boat)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tyler: «the stoats nearly had two fits laughing, so like, 4 fits total?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tyler	Tyler	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 had	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Tyler	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stoats	det
5	stoats	stoat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	nsubj
6	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	7 had	advmod
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 fits	nummod
9	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	obj
10	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 fits	acl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 total	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	17 total	advmod
13	like	like	ADP	_	16 fits	case
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 like	punct
15	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 fits	nummod
16	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 total	obl
17	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 had	parataxis
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	17 total	punct
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have in a quote	past	Tyler	two fits				nearly property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fit=Patient
2	laugh in a quote	gerund	two fits not said here						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Explain the joke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 joke	det
3	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the joke					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Topic

The options

Option 1

The joke is that fits are laughing and stoats are animals so they cannot have fits at all, only a laugh

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 joke	det
2	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 laughing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 laughing	cop
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 laughing	mark
5	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 laughing	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 laughing	aux
7	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 animals	cc
9	stoats	stoat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 animals	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 animals	cop
11	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 laughing	conj
12	so	so	SCONJ	_	16 have	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 have	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 have	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 have	advmod
16	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 laughing	advcl
17	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 have	obj
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 all	case
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 have	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 laugh	punct
21	only	only	ADV	_	23 laugh	advmod
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 laugh	det
23	laugh	laugh	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 laughing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present · progressive	the joke			a laugh obl; laugh property	tree rules
2	is a	present	stoats	animals			tree rules
3	not have	can	stoats = stoat	fits	all		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fit=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

«Fits» here means seizures of laughing, so two stoats each having one fit makes two fits, not four

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Fits	punct
2	Fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Fits	punct
4	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 Fits	advmod
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	seizures	seizure	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 means	obj
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 laughing	mark
8	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 seizures	acl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 makes	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	17 makes	advmod
11	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 stoats	nummod
12	stoats	stoat	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 having	nsubj
13	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	14 having	nsubj
14	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 makes	csubj
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 fit	nummod
16	fit	fit	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 having	obj
17	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	parataxis
18	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 fits	nummod
19	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 makes	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 four	punct
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 four	advmod
22	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 makes	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	present	Fits	seizures	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seizure=Topic
2	laugh	gerund	seizures not said here		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	have	gerund	two stoats	one fit	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fit=Patient
4	make	present	having	two fits	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fit=Product

Option 3

«Fits» means having fun, so two each

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Fits	punct
2	Fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Fits	punct
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 means	xcomp
6	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 having	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 two	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 two	advmod
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 means	ccomp
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 two	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Fits						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have not said to happen	gerund	Fits not said here	fun					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

«Two fits—that is, one fit each»: two stoats, one fit each, makes two

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 fits	punct
2	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 fits	nummod
3	fits	fit	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 makes	nsubj
4	—	-	PUNCT	_	3 fits	punct
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 fit	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 fit	cop
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fit	punct
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 fit	nummod
9	fit	fit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fits	acl
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 fit	nmod:unmarked
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 fit	punct
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 stoats	punct
13	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 stoats	nummod
14	stoats	stoat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fits	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 fit	punct
16	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 fit	nummod
17	fit	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 stoats	acl:relcl
18	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	17 fit	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 fits	punct
20	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
21	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 makes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	Two fits and two stoats	one fit	each nmod:unmarked	tree rules
2	fit	present	two stoats not said here	each		vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Patient
3	make	present	Two fits and two stoats	two		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset two=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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