Exam question 2 · pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd de…

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the reason the shepherd refuses to pronounce the required salutation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shepherd · What happens: follow, identify, refuse, not pronounce, require · To what, where: reason, required salutation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 665 «pg2435 tales, To Your Good Health, part 1: the shepherd defies the king and survives the bear, the wild boars and the scythe pit» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 identifies	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 identifies	obl
6	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	7 identifies	advmod
7	identifies	identify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 reason	det
9	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 identifies	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 shepherd	det
11	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refuses	nsubj
12	refuses	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 reason	acl:relcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 pronounce	mark
14	pronounce	pronounce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 refuses	xcomp
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 salutation	det
16	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 salutation	amod
17	salutation	salutation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pronounce	obj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 identifies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	identify	present		the reason	of the following statements; correctly property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
3	refuse	present	the shepherd	the reason not said here		tree rules
4	not pronounce	to-infinitive	the shepherd not said here	the required salutation		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salutation=Theme
5	require	participle				vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He will not say it until the king pays him gold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 say	advmod
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	obj
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	9 pays	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 king	det
8	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pays	nsubj
9	pays	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	advcl
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 pays	iobj
11	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pays	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not say speech: assert	future	He	it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	pay	present	the king	gold	him = he				vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient gold=Asset

Option 2

He refuses because he wants to keep his cloak warm at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 refuses	nsubj
2	refuses	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 wants	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 wants	nsubj
5	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 refuses	advcl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 keep	mark
7	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 wants	xcomp
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 cloak	nmod:poss
9	cloak	cloak	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keep	obj
10	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 keep	xcomp
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 night	case
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wants	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	present	He				vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	want	present	he		night		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	keep not said to happen	to-infinitive	he not said here	his cloak		warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme

Option 3

He will not say it because the king never said thank you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 say	advmod
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 thank	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 king	det
8	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 thank	nsubj
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	10 said	advmod
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 king	acl:relcl
11	thank	thank	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	advcl
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 thank	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	not say speech: assert	future	He	it		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	not say speech: assert	past	the king not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	thank speech: thank	present	the king		you	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He will not utter the phrase until he is granted the princess as his wife

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 utter	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 utter	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 utter	advmod
4	utter	utter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 phrase	det
6	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 utter	obj
7	until	until	SCONJ	_	10 granted	mark
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 granted	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 granted	aux:pass
10	granted	grant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 utter	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 princess	det
12	princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 granted	obj
13	as	as	ADP	_	15 wife	case
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 wife	nmod:poss
15	wife	wife	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 granted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not utter speech: other	future	He	the phrase					vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent phrase=Topic
2	grant	present · passive		he				as his wife	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal princess=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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