Exam question 1 · Estonian Folk Tales, Tiidu, part 18: Tiidu sails to Kungla…

To what extent did Tiidu's exploitation of a fellow sailor's kindness and his deceit toward the captain justify his eventual employment as a scullion?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: exploitation, Tiidu · What happens: justify, exploit, employ · To what, where: eventual employment, kindness

This is exam question 1 of lesson 678 «Estonian Folk Tales, Tiidu, part 18: Tiidu sails to Kungla and becomes a scullion» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 justify	obl
3	extent	extent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 did	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 justify	aux
5	Tiidu	Tiidu	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 exploitation	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Tiidu	case
7	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 justify	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	13 kindness	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sailor	det
10	fellow	fellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sailor	amod
11	sailor	sailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 kindness	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 sailor	case
13	kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 exploitation	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 deceit	cc
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 deceit	nmod:poss
16	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 kindness	conj
17	toward	toward	ADP	_	19 captain	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 captain	det
19	captain	captain	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 deceit	nmod
20	justify	justify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 employment	nmod:poss
22	eventual	eventual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 employment	amod
23	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 justify	obj
24	as	as	ADP	_	26 scullion	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 scullion	det
26	scullion	scullion	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 justify	obl
27	?	?	PUNCT	_	20 justify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	justify speech: other	past · do-support	Tiidu's exploitation of a fellow sailor's kindness and exploitation's deceit toward the captain	exploitation's eventual employment	as a scullion	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent employment=Topic to what=Recipient
2	exploit		Tiidu	a fellow sailor's kindness and exploitation's deceit toward the captain		nom exploitation «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
3	employ		exploitation			nom employment «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Tiidu's deceit was deliberate, and his employment followed from his own avarice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiidu	Tiidu	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 deceit	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Tiidu	case
3	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deliberate	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 deliberate	cop
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 followed	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 followed	cc
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 employment	nmod:poss
9	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 followed	nsubj
10	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 deliberate	parataxis
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 avarice	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 avarice	nmod:poss
13	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 avarice	amod
14	avarice	avarice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 followed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	Tiidu's deceit		deliberate property	tree rules
2	follow	past	Tiidu's employment	employment's own avarice		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from avarice=Trajectory
3	employ		Tiidu			nom employment «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It was entirely his own fault

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 fault	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 fault	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 fault	advmod
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 fault	nmod:poss
5	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fault	amod
6	fault	fault	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	his own fault				entirely property	tree rules

Option 3

Tiidu's deceit was deliberate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiidu	Tiidu	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 deceit	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Tiidu	case
3	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deliberate	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 deliberate	cop
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Tiidu's deceit					deliberate property	tree rules

Option 4

His deceit was forgiven, and his employment was a reward for his honest, hardworking nature

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 deceit	nmod:poss
2	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forgiven	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 forgiven	aux:pass
4	forgiven	forgive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 reward	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 reward	cc
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 employment	nmod:poss
8	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reward	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 reward	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 reward	det
11	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forgiven	obl
12	for	for	ADP	_	17 nature	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 nature	nmod:poss
14	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 nature	amod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 honest	punct
16	hardworking	hardworking	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 nature	compound
17	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reward	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	forgive	past · passive		His deceit		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is a	past	his employment	a reward	for his honest hardworking nature	tree rules
3	employ		his = he			nom employment «state transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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