Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the dispute between the Rat and the Badger as to «learn 'em»?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, learn · To what, where: dispute, 'em

This is exam question 4 of lesson 68 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (the secret passage, the birthday banquet and «learn 'em»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 dispute	det
14	dispute	dispute	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
15	between	between	ADP	_	17 Rat	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Rat	det
17	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 dispute	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 Badger	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Badger	det
20	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Rat	conj
21	as	as	SCONJ	_	24 learn	mark
22	to	to	PART	_	24 learn	mark
23	«	«	PUNCT	_	24 learn	punct
24	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 concerning	advcl
25	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 learn	obj
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct
27	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present			of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the dispute	between the Rat and the Badger	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dispute=Experiencer
5	learn in a quote	to-infinitive	the established facts not said here	'em = they		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both the Rat and the Badger agreed «teach 'em» was correct, but Toad insisted on «learn 'em» for the banquet tonight

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	CCONJ	_	7 agreed	cc:preconj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Rat	det
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 agreed	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 Badger	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Badger	det
6	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Rat	conj
7	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 teach	punct
9	teach	teach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 agreed	xcomp
10	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 teach	obj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 teach	punct
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 correct	cop
13	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 agreed	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 insisted	punct
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 insisted	cc
16	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 insisted	nsubj
17	insisted	insist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 agreed	conj
18	on	on	ADP	_	20 learn	case
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 learn	punct
20	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 insisted	ccomp
21	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 learn	obj
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 learn	punct
23	for	for	ADP	_	26 tonight	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 tonight	det
25	banquet	banquet	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 tonight	compound
26	tonight	tonight	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 learn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	past	the Rat and the Badger					vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	teach speech: other not said to happen, in a quote	infinitive	the Rat and the Badger not said here		'em = they			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
3	is	past	the Rat and the Badger not said here				correct property	tree rules
4	insist speech: other	past	Toad					vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	learn in a quote	infinitive		'em = they		tonight		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

Option 2

The Rat argued for learn, and the Badger said teach was fine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 argued	nsubj
3	argued	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 learn	case
5	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 argued	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 said	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 said	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Badger	det
9	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 said	nsubj
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 argued	parataxis
11	teach	teach	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fine	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 fine	cop
13	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 said	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	argue speech: disagree	past	the Rat		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	learn	infinitive	the Rat not said here		vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	past	the Badger		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is	past	teach	fine property	tree rules

Option 3

The Rat said learn was wrong; Badger laughed and agreed with him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 wrong	cop
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 learn	xcomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 laughed	punct
8	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 laughed	nsubj
9	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 agreed	cc
11	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 laughed	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 him	case
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 agreed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the Rat		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	learn	infinitive			vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	past		wrong property	tree rules
4	laugh	past	Badger		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	agree speech: agree	past	Badger not said here	with Badger	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with he=Co-Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The Rat held «teach 'em» correct; the Badger defended «learn 'em»

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 held	nsubj
3	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 teach	punct
5	teach	teach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 held	xcomp
6	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 teach	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 teach	punct
8	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teach	xcomp
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 defended	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Badger	det
11	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 defended	nsubj
12	defended	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 held	conj
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 learn	punct
14	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 defended	ccomp
15	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 learn	obj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 learn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	hold	past	the Rat				vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	teach speech: other in a quote	infinitive	the Rat not said here		'em = they	correct property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
3	defend	past	the Badger				vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Beneficiary
4	learn in a quote	infinitive	the Badger not said here	'em = they			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage/e4/